Abstract
Salinity impairs seed germination and seedling establishment. We investigated the role of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CALMODULIN-BINDING TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATOR 6 (CAMTA6) in salinity stress responses during early germination. Compared with the wild type, the camta6-4 and camta6-5 mutants were more tolerant to NaCl and abscisic acid (ABA) and accumulated less Na+. In contrast, 4- to 11-d-old camta6 seedlings were more sensitive to NaCl. In camta6, expression of HIGH-AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER1 (AtHKT1;1), encoding an Na+/K+ transporter, was restricted to the radicles and was not enhanced by NaCl or ABA. During germination, the camta6 hkt1 double mutant was as sensitive as the wild type and hkt1 to NaCl, suggesting that HKT1;1 is crucial for the salt tolerance of camta6. An ABA response element in the HKT1;1 promoter was found to be indispensable for the enhanced expression of the gene in response to NaCl and to ABA. Transcriptome analysis of the wild type and camta6-5 with and without salt treatment revealed 1,020 up-regulated and 1,467 down-regulated salt-responsive genes in the wild type. Among these, 638 up-regulated and 1,242 down-regulated genes were classified as CAMTA6-dependent. Expression of several known salt stress-associated genes, including SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE1 and Na+/H+ ANTIPORTER, was impaired in camta6 mutants. Bioinformatics analysis of the 5′ upstream sequences of the salt-responsive CAMTA6-dependent up-regulated genes revealed the CACGTGTC motif as the most prominent element, representing an ABA response element and a potential CAMTA-binding site. We suggest that CAMTA6 regulates, directly or indirectly, the expression of most of the salt-responsive genes in germinating seeds, including genes that are crucial for Na+ homeostasis and salt stress tolerance.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
camta6-4 and camta6-5 mutants were more tolerant to NaCl than wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae1 - Material
- camta6-4 and camta6-5 mutantse0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- tolerant to NaCle0
- Direction
- more tolerante0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the wild type, the camta6-4 and camta6-5 mutants were more tolerant to NaCl and abscisic acid (ABA) and accumulated less Na+.”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
camta6-4 and camta6-5 mutants were more tolerant to ABA than wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- camta6-4 and camta6-5 mutantse0
- Treatment
- abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Outcome
- tolerant to NaCl and abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Direction
- more tolerante0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the wild type, the camta6-4 and camta6-5 mutants were more tolerant to NaCl and abscisic acid (ABA) and accumulated less Na+.”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
camta6 mutants accumulated less Na+ than wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- camta6-4 and camta6-5 mutantse0
- Outcome
- Na+e0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the wild type, the camta6-4 and camta6-5 mutants were more tolerant to NaCl and abscisic acid (ABA) and accumulated less Na+.”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Older camta6 seedlings were more sensitive to NaCl.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- camta6e0
- Organ / stage
- 4- to 11-d-old camta6 seedlingse0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- sensitive to NaCle0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“4- to 11-d-old camta6 seedlings were more sensitive to NaCl.”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
In camta6, AtHKT1;1 expression was restricted to radicles.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- camta6e0
- Organ / stage
- radiclese0
- Gene
- AtHKT1;1e0
- Outcome
- expression of HIGH-AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER1 (AtHKT1;1)e0
- Direction
- restrictede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In camta6, expression of HIGH-AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER1 (AtHKT1;1), encoding an Na+/K+ transporter, was restricted to the radicles”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl did not enhance AtHKT1;1 expression in camta6.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- camta6e0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Gene
- AtHKT1;1e0
- Outcome
- expression of HIGH-AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER1 (AtHKT1;1)e0
- Direction
- not enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In camta6, expression of HIGH-AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER1 (AtHKT1;1), encoding an Na+/K+ transporter, was restricted to the radicles and was not enhanced by NaCl or ABA.”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA did not enhance AtHKT1;1 expression in camta6.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- camta6e0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Gene
- AtHKT1;1e0
- Outcome
- expression of HIGH-AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER1 (AtHKT1;1)e0
- Direction
- not enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In camta6, expression of HIGH-AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER1 (AtHKT1;1), encoding an Na+/K+ transporter, was restricted to the radicles and was not enhanced by NaCl or ABA.”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
The camta6 hkt1 double mutant was as sensitive to NaCl as wild type and hkt1 during germination.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- camta6 hkt1 double mutante0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- sensitive as the wild type and hkt1 to NaCle0
- Direction
- as sensitivee0
- Comparator
- wild type and hkt1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During germination, the camta6 hkt1 double mutant was as sensitive as the wild type and hkt1 to NaCl”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
An ABA response element was indispensable for enhanced HKT1;1 expression in response to NaCl.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Gene
- HKT1;1e0
- Outcome
- enhanced expression of the genee0
- Qualifier
- ABA response elemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An ABA response element in the HKT1;1 promoter was found to be indispensable for the enhanced expression of the gene in response to NaCl and to ABA.”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
An ABA response element was indispensable for enhanced HKT1;1 expression in response to ABA.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Gene
- HKT1;1e0
- Outcome
- enhanced expression of the genee0
- Qualifier
- ABA response elemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An ABA response element in the HKT1;1 promoter was found to be indispensable for the enhanced expression of the gene in response to NaCl and to ABA.”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild type had 1,020 up-regulated salt-responsive genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- wild typee0
- Outcome
- salt-responsive genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Value
- 1,020e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1,020 up-regulated and 1,467 down-regulated salt-responsive genes in the wild type.”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild type had 1,467 down-regulated salt-responsive genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- wild typee0
- Outcome
- down-regulated salt-responsive genese0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
- Value
- 1,467e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1,020 up-regulated and 1,467 down-regulated salt-responsive genes in the wild type.”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
638 up-regulated genes were CAMTA6-dependent.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- CAMTA6e0
- Outcome
- genes were classified as CAMTA6-dependente0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Value
- 638e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“638 up-regulated and 1,242 down-regulated genes were classified as CAMTA6-dependent.”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
1,242 down-regulated genes were CAMTA6-dependent.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- CAMTA6e0
- Outcome
- down-regulated genes were classified as CAMTA6-dependente0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
- Value
- 1,242e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“638 up-regulated and 1,242 down-regulated genes were classified as CAMTA6-dependent.”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE1 and Na+/H+ ANTIPORTER was impaired in camta6 mutants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- camta6 mutantse0
- Gene
- SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE1 and Na+/H+ ANTIPORTERe0
- Outcome
- Expression of several known salt stress-associated genese0
- Direction
- impairede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of several known salt stress-associated genes, including SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE1 and Na+/H+ ANTIPORTER, was impaired in camta6 mutants.”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
CACGTGTC was the most prominent motif among CAMTA6-dependent up-regulated salt-responsive genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- CAMTA6e0
- Outcome
- CACGTGTC motif as the most prominent elemente0
- Direction
- most prominente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-responsive CAMTA6-dependent up-regulated genes revealed the CACGTGTC motif as the most prominent element”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest CAMTA6 regulates most salt-responsive genes during germination, including Na+ homeostasis and tolerance genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Organ / stage
- germinating seedse0
- Gene
- CAMTA6e0
- Outcome
- expression of most of the salt-responsive genese0
- Qualifier
- directly or indirectlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We suggest that CAMTA6 regulates, directly or indirectly, the expression of most of the salt-responsive genes in germinating seeds, including genes that are crucial for Na+ homeostasis and salt stress tolerance.”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · molecular: expression · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →(+)-abscisic acid · molecular: expression · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
46 papers more in this group
See all 50 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.