Abstract
The effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilization on some physiological and agronomical traits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cv. ILC 482, investigated at the Experimental Farm of the Agriculture Faculty, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. The trial was laid out in spilt plot design based on randomized complete block with four replications. Experimental factors were mineral nitrogen fertilizer at four levels (0, 50, 75 and 100 kg urea/ha) in the main plots, and two levels of inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria (with and without inoculation) as sub plots. N application and Rh. inoculation showed positive effects on physiological and agronomical traits of chickpea. The highest value of leaf RWC recorded in 50 kg urea/ha that was statistically in par with 75 kg urea/ha application while, usage of 75 kg urea/ha showed the maximum stem RWC. The maximum CMS obtained form application of 75 kg urea/ha. Chlorophyll content, leaf area index and grains protein content showed their maximum values in the highest level of nitrogen usage (100 kg urea/ha). Moreover, inoculated plants had the highest magnitudes of all physiological traits. In the case of agronomical traits, the highest values of plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, grain and biological yield were obtained from the highest level of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg urea/ha) and Rh. inoculation. Application of 75 kg urea/ha was statistically in par with 100 kg urea/ha in all of these traits. The results pointed out that some N fertilization (i.e. between 50 and 75 kg urea/ha) as starter can be beneficial to improve growth, development, physiological traits and total yield of inoculated chickpea.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
50 kg urea/ha produced the highest leaf relative water content, statistically comparable to 75 kg urea/ha.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Cicer arietinume1 - Treatment
- 50 kg urea/hae0
- Outcome
- leaf RWCe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- 75 kg urea/ha applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest value of leaf RWC recorded in 50 kg urea/ha that was statistically in par with 75 kg urea/ha application”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
75 kg urea/ha gave maximum stem relative water content.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- 75 kg urea/hae0
- Outcome
- stem RWCe0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“usage of 75 kg urea/ha showed the maximum stem RWC”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
75 kg urea/ha gave maximum CMS.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- application of 75 kg urea/hae0
- Outcome
- CMSe0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum CMS obtained form application of 75 kg urea/ha”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
100 kg urea/ha maximized chlorophyll content, leaf area index and grain protein content.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- 100 kg urea/hae0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll content, leaf area index and grains protein contente0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll content, leaf area index and grains protein content showed their maximum values in the highest level of nitrogen usage (100 kg urea/ha)”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium-inoculated plants had the highest magnitudes of physiological traits.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume2
- Treatment
- inoculation with Rhizobium bacteriae1
- Interactor
- Rhizobium bacteriae1symbiont
- Outcome
- all physiological traitse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- without inoculatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculated plants had the highest magnitudes of all physiological traits”
e1“inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria (with and without inoculation)”
e2“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
100 kg urea/ha with Rhizobium inoculation maximized plant height and branch numbers.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume2
- Treatment
- 100 kg urea/hae0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium bacteriae1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant height, number of primary and secondary branchese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest values of plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, grain and biological yield were obtained from the highest level of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg urea/ha) and Rh. inoculation”
e1“inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria (with and without inoculation)”
e2“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
100 kg urea/ha with Rhizobium inoculation maximized pod and grain numbers.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume2
- Treatment
- 100 kg urea/hae0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium bacteriae1symbiont
- Outcome
- number of pods per plant, number of grains per plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest values of plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, grain and biological yield were obtained from the highest level of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg urea/ha) and Rh. inoculation”
e1“inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria (with and without inoculation)”
e2“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
100 kg urea/ha with Rhizobium inoculation maximized grain and biological yield.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume2
- Treatment
- 100 kg urea/hae0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium bacteriae1symbiont
- Outcome
- grain and biological yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest values of plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, grain and biological yield were obtained from the highest level of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg urea/ha) and Rh. inoculation”
e1“inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria (with and without inoculation)”
e2“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
75 kg urea/ha was statistically comparable to 100 kg urea/ha on agronomic traits.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume2
- Treatment
- 75 kg urea/hae0
- Outcome
- agronomical traitse1
- Direction
- in pare0
- Comparator
- 100 kg urea/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 75 kg urea/ha was statistically in par with 100 kg urea/ha in all of these traits”
e1“In the case of agronomical traits”
e2“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 50–75 kg urea/ha starter N for inoculated chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- between 50 and 75 kg urea/hae0
- Outcome
- some N fertilization (i.e. between 50 and 75 kg urea/ha) as startere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some N fertilization (i.e. between 50 and 75 kg urea/ha) as starter can be beneficial to improve growth, development, physiological traits and total yield of inoculated chickpea”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ
92 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
98 papers more in this group
See all 102 papers →nitrogen · physiology: pigments · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
nitrogen · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- positive
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →nitrogen · physiology: water · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.