Abstract
To study the effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen (N) on yield and nodulation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cv. ILC 482, a spilt-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted in 2008 at the experimental farm of the Agriculture Faculty, University of Mohaghegh, Ardabili. Experimental factors were inorganic N fertilizer at four levels (0, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha−1) in the main plots that applied in the urea form, and two levels of inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria (with and without inoculation) as subplots. Nitrogen application and Rh. inoculation continued to have positive effects on yield and its attributes. The greatest plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of filled and unfilled pods per plant, number of grains per plant, grain yield, and biological yield were obtained from the greatest level of N fertilizer (100 kg urea ha−1) and Rh. inoculation. Application of 75 and 100 kg ha−1 urea showed no significant difference in these traits. Furthermore, the greatest rate of N usage (100 kg urea ha−1) adversely inhibited nodulation of chickpea. Number and dry weight of nodules per plant decreased significantly with increasing N application rate. The lowest values of these traits recorded in application of 100 kg ha−1 urea. Results indicated that application of suitable amounts of N fertilizer (i.e., between 50 and 75 kg urea ha−1) as starter can be beneficial to improve nodulation, growth, and final yield of inoculated chickpea plants.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest plant height occurred at 100 kg urea ha−1 with rhizobial inoculation.
- Taxon
- Chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- 100 kg urea ha−1e0
- Interactor
- Rh.e0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of filled and unfilled pods per plant, number of grains per plant, grain yield, and biological yield were obtained from the greatest level of N fertilizer (100 kg urea ha−1) and Rh. inoculation.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest number of primary and secondary branches occurred at 100 kg urea ha−1 with rhizobial inoculation.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 100 kg urea ha−1e0
- Interactor
- Rh.e0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of primary and secondary branchese0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of filled and unfilled pods per plant, number of grains per plant, grain yield, and biological yield were obtained from the greatest level of N fertilizer (100 kg urea ha−1) and Rh. inoculation.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest number of pods per plant occurred at 100 kg urea ha−1 with rhizobial inoculation.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 100 kg urea ha−1e0
- Interactor
- Rh.e0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of pods per plante0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of filled and unfilled pods per plant, number of grains per plant, grain yield, and biological yield were obtained from the greatest level of N fertilizer (100 kg urea ha−1) and Rh. inoculation.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest number of filled and unfilled pods per plant occurred at 100 kg urea ha−1 with rhizobial inoculation.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 100 kg urea ha−1e0
- Interactor
- Rh.e0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of filled and unfilled pods per plante0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of filled and unfilled pods per plant, number of grains per plant, grain yield, and biological yield were obtained from the greatest level of N fertilizer (100 kg urea ha−1) and Rh. inoculation.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest number of grains per plant occurred at 100 kg urea ha−1 with rhizobial inoculation.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 100 kg urea ha−1e0
- Interactor
- Rh.e0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of grains per plante0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of filled and unfilled pods per plant, number of grains per plant, grain yield, and biological yield were obtained from the greatest level of N fertilizer (100 kg urea ha−1) and Rh. inoculation.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest grain yield occurred at 100 kg urea ha−1 with rhizobial inoculation.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 100 kg urea ha−1e0
- Interactor
- Rh.e0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of filled and unfilled pods per plant, number of grains per plant, grain yield, and biological yield were obtained from the greatest level of N fertilizer (100 kg urea ha−1) and Rh. inoculation.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest biological yield occurred at 100 kg urea ha−1 with rhizobial inoculation.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 100 kg urea ha−1e0
- Interactor
- Rh.e0symbiont
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of filled and unfilled pods per plant, number of grains per plant, grain yield, and biological yield were obtained from the greatest level of N fertilizer (100 kg urea ha−1) and Rh. inoculation.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The listed growth and yield traits did not differ significantly between 75 and 100 kg ha−1 urea.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 100 kg ha−1 ureae0
- Outcome
- these traitse0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- 75e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 75 and 100 kg ha−1 urea showed no significant difference in these traits.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Number decreased as nitrogen application increased.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- increasing N application ratee0
- Outcome
- Numbere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Number and dry weight of nodules per plant decreased significantly with increasing N application rate.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
dry weight of nodules per plant decreased as nitrogen application increased.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- increasing N application ratee0
- Outcome
- dry weight of nodules per plante0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Number and dry weight of nodules per plant decreased significantly with increasing N application rate.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 50 to 75 kg urea ha−1 starter fertilizer to improve nodulation, growth and yield in inoculated chickpea.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- between 50 and 75 kg urea ha−1e0
- Outcome
- improve nodulation, growth, and final yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results indicated that application of suitable amounts of N fertilizer (i.e., between 50 and 75 kg urea ha−1) as starter can be beneficial to improve nodulation, growth, and final yield of inoculated chickpea plants.”
t0“Chickpea”
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