Abstract
Seasonal variations of the content of leaf mucilages of Taxus baccata and Thuja occidentalis were determined. In Taxus the content is highest during the late winter and early spring and lowest in the summer. In Thuja it is highest in the winter, decreasing during spring and low in the summer months. Under the light microscope, Taxus mucilage was located in the vacuoles of mesophyll cells and that of Thuja in mucilage idioblasts. Temperature experiments show that storage of mucilage is not temperature dependent and is not reduced by prolonged darkness. Taxus mucilage consists of the sugars galactose, rhamnose, glucose, arabinose and xylose and contains a low percentage (<5%) of uronic acid. Furthemore, a peptidic component is found and shows annual variations from 6% to 15% of total mucilage. Seasonal variations of the sugar components are pronounced only during the spring in the period of intensive mucilage synthesis. Purified Taxus mucilage could not be separated into different components by gel chromatography. All fractions showed a similar composition of sugars and peptide. These findings, in addition to the IR spectra, lead to the conclusion that the mucilage is a proteoglycan and perhaps a mixture of polymers of similar molecular weights. Isolated and dried mucilage has a high water-binding capacity; at 96% relative humidity it equilibrates to 180%, and at 100% rh to 280-300% of its dry weight. From mucilage content and cell volume the mucilage concentration of the vacuoles can be estimated as being higher than 5-6%, which must give rise to a remarkable matric potential. It is suggested that the water-binding capacity of the mucilage plays an important role in stabilizing the water relations of the needles, thereby increasing frost resistance.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Taxus mucilage peaked in late winter and early spring and was lowest in summer.
- Taxon
- Taxus baccata
Taxus baccatat0 - Outcome
- contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- late winter and early springe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Taxus the content is highest during the late winter and early spring and lowest in the summer”
t0“Taxus baccata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Thuja mucilage peaked in winter and declined through spring to summer.
- Taxon
- Thuja occidentalis
.jpg?width=60)
Thuja occidentalist0 - Outcome
- ite0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Qualifier
- summer monthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In Thuja it is highest in the winter, decreasing during spring and low in the summer months”
t0“Thuja occidentalis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Taxus mucilage was found in mesophyll cell vacuoles.
- Taxon
- Taxus baccataTaxus baccatat0
- Organ / stage
- mesophyll cellse0
- Outcome
- mucilage was located in the vacuoles of mesophyll cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Taxus mucilage was located in the vacuoles of mesophyll cells”
t0“Taxus baccata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Thuja mucilage was found in mucilage idioblasts.
- Taxon
- Thuja occidentalisThuja occidentalist0
- Outcome
- mucilage idioblastse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“that of Thuja in mucilage idioblasts”
t0“Thuja occidentalis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mucilage storage was independent of temperature.
- Taxon
- Taxus baccataTaxus baccatat0
- Outcome
- storage of mucilagee0
- Direction
- not temperature dependente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“storage of mucilage is not temperature dependent”
t0“Taxus baccata L. and of Thuja occidentalis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Prolonged darkness did not reduce mucilage storage.
- Taxon
- Taxus baccataTaxus baccatat0
- Treatment
- prolonged darknesse0
- Outcome
- storage of mucilagee0
- Direction
- not reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“storage of mucilage is not temperature dependent and is not reduced by prolonged darkness”
t0“Taxus baccata L. and of Thuja occidentalis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Taxus mucilage contained five named sugars and less than 5% uronic acid.
- Taxon
- Taxus baccataTaxus baccatat0
- Outcome
- galactose, rhamnose, glucose, arabinose and xylosee0
- Value
- <5%e0
- Qualifier
- uronic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Taxus mucilage consists of the sugars galactose, rhamnose, glucose, arabinose and xylose and contains a low percentage (<5%) of uronic acid”
t0“Taxus baccata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The peptidic component varied annually from 6% to 15% of mucilage.
- Taxon
- Taxus baccataTaxus baccatat0
- Outcome
- peptidic componente0
- Value
- 6% to 15% of total mucilagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a peptidic component is found and shows annual variations from 6% to 15% of total mucilage”
t0“Taxus baccata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar components varied mainly during spring mucilage synthesis.
- Taxon
- Taxus baccataTaxus baccatat0
- Outcome
- Seasonal variations of the sugar componentse0
- Qualifier
- during the springe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seasonal variations of the sugar components are pronounced only during the spring in the period of intensive mucilage synthesis”
t0“Taxus baccata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Purified Taxus mucilage could not be separated by gel chromatography.
- Taxon
- Taxus baccataTaxus baccatat0
- Outcome
- could not be separated into different componentse0
- Comparator
- gel chromatographye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Purified Taxus mucilage could not be separated into different components by gel chromatography”
t0“Taxus baccata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
All mucilage fractions showed similar sugar and peptide composition.
- Taxon
- Taxus baccataTaxus baccatat0
- Outcome
- similar composition of sugars and peptidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All fractions showed a similar composition of sugars and peptide”
t0“Taxus baccata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred that Taxus mucilage is a proteoglycan and perhaps similar polymers.
- Taxon
- Taxus baccataTaxus baccatat0
- Outcome
- proteoglycane0
- Qualifier
- perhaps a mixture of polymers of similar molecular weightse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mucilage is a proteoglycan and perhaps a mixture of polymers of similar molecular weights”
t0“Taxus baccata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dried mucilage equilibrated to 180% at 96% relative humidity.
- Taxon
- Taxus baccataTaxus baccatat0
- Outcome
- equilibratese0
- Value
- 180%e0
- Qualifier
- 96% relative humiditye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 96% relative humidity it equilibrates to 180%”
t0“Taxus baccata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dried mucilage equilibrated to 280-300% at 100% relative humidity.
- Taxon
- Taxus baccataTaxus baccatat0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Value
- 280-300%e0
- Qualifier
- 100% rhe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 100% rh to 280-300% of its dry weight”
t0“Taxus baccata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vacuole mucilage concentration was estimated above 5-6%.
- Taxon
- Taxus baccataTaxus baccatat0
- Outcome
- mucilage concentration of the vacuolese0
- Direction
- higher thane0
- Value
- 5-6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mucilage concentration of the vacuoles can be estimated as being higher than 5-6%”
t0“Taxus baccata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggested water binding stabilizes needle water relations and increases frost resistance.
- Taxon
- Taxus baccataTaxus baccatat0
- Outcome
- frost resistancee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- water-binding capacity of the mucilagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the water-binding capacity of the mucilage plays an important role in stabilizing the water relations of the needles, thereby increasing frost resistance”
t0“Taxus baccata L.”
The same questions in other papers
light · molecular: metabolites · Taxus baccata (English yew)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.