Abstract
In most plant cell types, the chloroplast represents the largest sink for iron, which is both essential for chloroplast metabolism and prone to cause oxidative damage. Here, we show that to buffer the potentially harmful effects of iron, besides ferritins for storage, the chloroplast is equipped with specific iron transporters that respond to iron toxicity by removing iron from the chloroplast. We describe two transporters of the YELLOW STRIPE1-LIKE family from Arabidopsis thaliana, YSL4 and YSL6, which are likely to fulfill this function. Knocking out both YSL4 and YSL6 greatly reduces the plant's ability to cope with excess iron. Biochemical and immunolocalization analyses showed that YSL6 resides in the chloroplast envelope. Elemental analysis and histochemical staining indicate that iron is trapped in the chloroplasts of the ysl4 ysl6 double mutants, which also accumulate ferritins. Also, vacuolar iron remobilization and NRAMP3/4 expression are inhibited. Furthermore, ubiquitous expression of YSL4 or YSL6 dramatically reduces plant tolerance to iron deficiency and decreases chloroplastic iron content. These data demonstrate a fundamental role for YSL4 and YSL6 in managing chloroplastic iron. YSL4 and YSL6 expression patterns support their physiological role in detoxifying iron during plastid dedifferentiation occurring in embryogenesis and senescence.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
YSL4 and YSL6 are proposed chloroplast iron export transporters.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Gene
- YSL4 and YSL6e0
- Outcome
- irone1
- Qualifier
- likely to fulfill this functione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We describe two transporters of the YELLOW STRIPE1-LIKE family from Arabidopsis thaliana, YSL4 and YSL6, which are likely to fulfill this function”
e1“specific iron transporters that respond to iron toxicity by removing iron from the chloroplast”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of both YSL4 and YSL6 greatly reduced ability to cope with excess iron.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Knocking out both YSL4 and YSL6e0
- Gene
- YSL4 and YSL6e0
- Outcome
- ability to cope with excess irone0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Knocking out both YSL4 and YSL6 greatly reduces the plant's ability to cope with excess iron”
t0“The Arabidopsis YELLOW STRIPE LIKE4 and 6 Transporters”
Claim · model-written summary
YSL6 localized to the chloroplast envelope.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- YSL6e0
- Outcome
- resides in the chloroplast envelopee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochemical and immunolocalization analyses showed that YSL6 resides in the chloroplast envelope”
t0“The Arabidopsis YELLOW STRIPE LIKE4 and 6 Transporters”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron was trapped in chloroplasts of ysl4 ysl6 double mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- ysl4 ysl6 double mutantse0
- Outcome
- iron is trapped in the chloroplastse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“iron is trapped in the chloroplasts of the ysl4 ysl6 double mutants, which also accumulate ferritins”
t0“The Arabidopsis YELLOW STRIPE LIKE4 and 6 Transporters”
Claim · model-written summary
The ysl4 ysl6 double mutants accumulated ferritins.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- ysl4 ysl6 double mutantse0
- Gene
- ferritinse0
- Outcome
- accumulate ferritinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ysl4 ysl6 double mutants, which also accumulate ferritins”
t0“The Arabidopsis YELLOW STRIPE LIKE4 and 6 Transporters”
Claim · model-written summary
Vacuolar iron remobilization was inhibited.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- vacuolar iron remobilizatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vacuolar iron remobilization and NRAMP3/4 expression are inhibited”
t0“The Arabidopsis YELLOW STRIPE LIKE4 and 6 Transporters”
Claim · model-written summary
NRAMP3/4 expression was inhibited.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- NRAMP3/4e0
- Outcome
- NRAMP3/4 expressione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vacuolar iron remobilization and NRAMP3/4 expression are inhibited”
t0“The Arabidopsis YELLOW STRIPE LIKE4 and 6 Transporters”
Claim · model-written summary
Ubiquitous YSL4 or YSL6 expression reduced tolerance to iron deficiency.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- ubiquitous expression of YSL4 or YSL6e0
- Gene
- YSL4 or YSL6e0
- Outcome
- plant tolerance to iron deficiencye0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ubiquitous expression of YSL4 or YSL6 dramatically reduces plant tolerance to iron deficiency and decreases chloroplastic iron content”
t0“The Arabidopsis YELLOW STRIPE LIKE4 and 6 Transporters”
Claim · model-written summary
Ubiquitous YSL4 or YSL6 expression decreased chloroplastic iron content.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- ubiquitous expression of YSL4 or YSL6e0
- Gene
- YSL4 or YSL6e0
- Outcome
- chloroplastic iron contente0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ubiquitous expression of YSL4 or YSL6 dramatically reduces plant tolerance to iron deficiency and decreases chloroplastic iron content”
t0“The Arabidopsis YELLOW STRIPE LIKE4 and 6 Transporters”
Claim · model-written summary
YSL4 and YSL6 expression patterns support a role in iron detoxification during plastid dedifferentiation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- YSL4 and YSL6e0
- Outcome
- detoxifying irone0
- Qualifier
- during plastid dedifferentiation occurring in embryogenesis and senescencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“YSL4 and YSL6 expression patterns support their physiological role in detoxifying iron during plastid dedifferentiation occurring in embryogenesis and senescence”
t0“The Arabidopsis YELLOW STRIPE LIKE4 and 6 Transporters”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · nutrient: content · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →transgenic · disease · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
51 papers more in this group
See all 55 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.