Abstract
Copper (Cu) is considered to be an indispensable microelement for plants. Excessive Cu, however, is toxic and disturbs several processes in the plant. The present study addressed the effects of ionic Cu (2.0 µM and 8.0 µM) on mitosis, the microtubule cytoskeleton, and DNA in root tip cells of Allium cepa var. agrogarum L. to better understand Cu toxicity on plant root systems. The results indicated that Cu accumulated in roots and that root growth was inhibited dramatically in Cu treatment groups. Chromosomal aberrations (for example, C-mitosis, chromosome bridges, chromosome stickiness, and micronucleus) were observed, and the mitotic index decreased during Cu treatments at different concentrations. Microtubules were one of the target sites of Cu toxicity in root tip meristematic cells, and Cu exposure substantially impaired microtubule arrangements. The content of α-tubulin decreased following 36 h of exposure to 2.0 µM or 8.0 µM of Cu in comparison with the control group. Copper increased DNA damage and suppressed cell cycle progression. The above toxic effects became more serious with increasing Cu concentration and prolonged exposure time.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Copper accumulated in onion roots.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.
Allium cepae1 - Outcome
- Cu accumulated in rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cu accumulated in roots”
e1“Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper treatment dramatically inhibited onion root growth.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.Allium cepae1
- Treatment
- Cu treatmente0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root growth was inhibited dramatically in Cu treatment groups.”
e1“Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromosomal aberrations occurred under copper treatment.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.Allium cepae2
- Treatment
- Cu treatmentse1
- Outcome
- Chromosomal aberrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chromosomal aberrations (for example, C-mitosis, chromosome bridges, chromosome stickiness, and micronucleus) were observed”
e1“Cu treatments at different concentrations”
e2“Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The mitotic index decreased during copper treatment.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.Allium cepae1
- Treatment
- Cu treatmentse0
- Outcome
- mitotic indexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mitotic index decreased during Cu treatments at different concentrations.”
e1“Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper exposure impaired microtubule arrangements in root-tip cells.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.Allium cepae1
- Treatment
- Cu exposuree0
- Outcome
- microtubule arrangementse0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cu exposure substantially impaired microtubule arrangements.”
e1“Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha-tubulin content fell after 36 hours of copper exposure versus control.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.Allium cepae1
- Treatment
- 2.0 µM or 8.0 µM of Cue0
- Gene
- α-tubuline0
- Outcome
- content of α-tubuline0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 36 he0
- Comparator
- the control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of α-tubulin decreased following 36 h of exposure to 2.0 µM or 8.0 µM of Cu in comparison with the control group.”
e1“Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper increased DNA damage.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.Allium cepae1
- Treatment
- Coppere0
- Outcome
- DNA damagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Copper increased DNA damage”
e1“Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper suppressed cell-cycle progression.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.Allium cepae2
- Treatment
- Coppere1
- Outcome
- cell cycle progressione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suppressed cell cycle progression”
e1“Copper increased DNA damage and suppressed cell cycle progression.”
e2“Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper toxicity grew more severe with higher concentration and longer exposure.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.Allium cepae1
- Treatment
- increasing Cu concentration and prolonged exposure timee0
- Outcome
- toxic effectse0
- Direction
- more seriouse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The above toxic effects became more serious with increasing Cu concentration and prolonged exposure time.”
e1“Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →copper atom · cytology · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.