Abstract
Environment and management effects on the N supply to crops are not well understood. We assessed the influence of tillage system (conventional tillage or no-till), N fertilizer (0 or 60 kg N ha -1 ) and year on N sources and supply of a Dark Brown Chernozem loam soil, and N utilization by spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 2 yr. The main N source was mineralized N; only 14–23% of wheat N was derived from fertilizer, and non-exchangeable ammonium made no measurable contribution. Soil NO 3 and exchangeable NH 4 content at sowing and net N mineralization during the growing season (N min ) were influenced more by year than by N addition and tillage. N min was 90–100 kg N ha -1 in 1999, a moist growing season but only 21–39 kg N ha -1 in 2000, a drier year. In both years, soil inorganic N to 60 cm at sowing averaged about 60 kg N ha -1 of which half was N mineralized since the previous harvest. Year accounted for 65–81% of the variation in N uptake. Fertilization increased N uptake and wheat yields, especially in 2000, but fertilization and tillage had no effect on post-heading N uptake and N translocation. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and N recovery were lower with N applied and not affected by tillage. Our study indicated that available N was affected more by environment than management. In dry conditions, when N min is low, N application may be more effective in increasing yield and N uptake than in wet years, an observation that may merit further attention. Key words: Available N, N mineralization, N recovery, N use efficiency, non-exchangeable ammonium, tillage
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Only 14–23% of wheat N was derived from fertilizer.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- wheat N was derived from fertilizere1
- Value
- 14–23%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“only 14–23% of wheat N was derived from fertilizer”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-exchangeable ammonium made no measurable contribution to wheat N supply.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- non-exchangeable ammoniume2
- Outcome
- measurable contributione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“non-exchangeable ammonium made no measurable contribution”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Net N mineralization in 1999, a moist growing season, was 90–100 kg N ha-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- N mine3
- Value
- 90–100 kg N ha -1e3
- Setting
- a moist growing seasone3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“N min was 90–100 kg N ha -1 in 1999, a moist growing season but only 21–39 kg N ha -1 in 2000, a drier year”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Net N mineralization in 2000, a drier year, was 21–39 kg N ha-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- N mine3
- Value
- 21–39 kg N ha -1e3
- Setting
- a drier yeare3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“N min was 90–100 kg N ha -1 in 1999, a moist growing season but only 21–39 kg N ha -1 in 2000, a drier year”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Year accounted for 65–81% of the variation in wheat N uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Yeare4
- Outcome
- N uptakee4
- Value
- 65–81%e4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Year accounted for 65–81% of the variation in N uptake”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization increased wheat N uptake and yield, especially in 2000.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fertilizatione5
- Outcome
- N uptake and wheat yieldse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- especially in 2000e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Fertilization increased N uptake and wheat yields, especially in 2000”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization had no effect on post-heading N uptake and N translocation in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fertilizatione6
- Outcome
- N uptake and N translocatione6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“fertilization and tillage had no effect on post‐heading N uptake and N translocation”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage had no effect on post-heading N uptake and N translocation in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tillagee6
- Outcome
- N uptake and N translocatione6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“fertilization and tillage had no effect on post‐heading N uptake and N translocation”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
N application lowered wheat nitrogen use efficiency and N recovery.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N appliede7
- Outcome
- Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and N recoverye7
- Direction
- lowere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and N recovery were lower with N applied and not affected by tillage”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage did not affect wheat nitrogen use efficiency or N recovery.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tillagee7
- Outcome
- Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and N recoverye7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and N recovery were lower with N applied and not affected by tillage”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Available N was affected more by environment than by management.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- environmente0
- Outcome
- available Ne0
- Comparator
- managemente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our study indicated that available N was affected more by environment than management”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil NO3 and exchangeable NH4 content and net N mineralization were influenced more by year than by N addition and tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- yeare0
- Outcome
- Soil NO 3 and exchangeable NH 4 contente0
- Comparator
- N addition and tillagee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil NO 3 and exchangeable NH 4 content at sowing and net N mineralization during the growing season (N min) were influenced more by year than by N addition and tillage”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil inorganic N to 60 cm at sowing averaged about 60 kg N ha-1, half of it mineralized since the previous harvest.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- soil inorganic N to 60 cm at sowinge0
- Value
- about 60 kg N ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both years, soil inorganic N to 60 cm at sowing averaged about 60 kg N ha -1 of which half was N mineralized since the previous harvest”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In dry conditions with low N min, N application may be more effective in increasing wheat yield and N uptake than in wet years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- yield and N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- wet yearse0
- Setting
- dry conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In dry conditions, when N min is low, N application may be more effective in increasing yield and N uptake than in wet years”
t0“wheat”
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