Abstract
Germination and seedling growth of soybean ( Glycine max L.) cv. Williams were examined on paper towels pre-moistened with a range of saline solutions (germination: 0–500 mMolal NaCl; seedling growth: 0–330 mMolal NaCl). The Na + , K + and Ca 2+ concentrations in the embryonic axis immediately before germination and in the seedling 3.5 d after germination were measured. Germination decreased at NaCl concentrations of 330 mMolal (81% germination) and above. At 420 mMolal NaCl, only 40% of seeds germinated, and at 500 mMolal NaCl there was no germination. Seedling growth rate decreased drastically with increasing salinity. At 220 mMolal NaCl, seedling growth rate had declined to 5% of the control, whereas at 330 mMolal NaCl seedling growth was almost zero 3–4 d after germination. Thus, soybean seeds were more tolerant of salinity in the germination than in the seedling phase. The results suggest that the greater tolerance of salinity during the germination phase might, in part, be the result of a lower sensitivity to high tissue Na + concentrations. Germination (40%) was possible at a tissue Na + concentration in the embryonic axis of 9.3 mg g FW -1 , whereas seedling growth was completely inhibited at a tissue Na + concentration of 6.1 mg g FW -1 . Germination at higher tissue Na + concentrations was associated with higher K + and Ca 2+ concentrations in the embryo axis, compared with growing seedlings, suggesting that these ions may protect the seeds in the pre-germination phase against salinity.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Germination decreased at NaCl concentrations of 330 mMolal and above, with 81% germination at 330 mMolal.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- cv. Williamse0
- Treatment
- NaCl concentrations of 330 mMolale1
- Outcome
- Germinatione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 81%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination and seedling growth of soybean ( Glycine max L.) cv. Williams were examined”
e1“Germination decreased at NaCl concentrations of 330 mMolal (81% germination) and above”
Claim · model-written summary
At 420 mMolal NaCl only 40% of soybean seeds germinated.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 420 mMolal NaCle2
- Outcome
- seeds germinatede2
- Value
- 40%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination and seedling growth of soybean ( Glycine max L.) cv. Williams were examined”
e2“At 420 mMolal NaCl, only 40% of seeds germinated, and at 500 mMolal NaCl there was no germination”
Claim · model-written summary
At 500 mMolal NaCl soybean seeds did not germinate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 500 mMolal NaCle2
- Outcome
- germinatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination and seedling growth of soybean ( Glycine max L.) cv. Williams were examined”
e2“At 420 mMolal NaCl, only 40% of seeds germinated, and at 500 mMolal NaCl there was no germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling growth rate decreased drastically with increasing salinity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- increasing salinitye3
- Outcome
- Seedling growth ratee3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination and seedling growth of soybean ( Glycine max L.) cv. Williams were examined”
e3“Seedling growth rate decreased drastically with increasing salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
At 220 mMolal NaCl the seedling growth rate declined to 5% of the control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 220 mMolal NaCle4
- Outcome
- seedling growth ratee4
- Direction
- declinede4
- Value
- 5%e4
- Comparator
- the controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination and seedling growth of soybean ( Glycine max L.) cv. Williams were examined”
e4“At 220 mMolal NaCl, seedling growth rate had declined to 5% of the control”
Claim · model-written summary
At 330 mMolal NaCl seedling growth was almost zero 3–4 days after germination.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 330 mMolal NaCle5
- Outcome
- seedling growthe5
- Direction
- almost zeroe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination and seedling growth of soybean ( Glycine max L.) cv. Williams were examined”
e5“at 330 mMolal NaCl seedling growth was almost zero 3–4 d after germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean seeds were more tolerant of salinity in the germination phase than in the seedling phase.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- germinatione6
- Outcome
- tolerant of salinitye6
- Direction
- more tolerante6
- Comparator
- seedling phasee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination and seedling growth of soybean ( Glycine max L.) cv. Williams were examined”
e6“soybean seeds were more tolerant of salinity in the germination than in the seedling phase”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of 40% was possible at a tissue Na+ concentration of 9.3 mg g FW -1 in the embryonic axis.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- embryonic axise7
- Compound
- Na +e7
- Outcome
- Germinatione7
- Value
- 9.3 mg g FW -1e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination and seedling growth of soybean ( Glycine max L.) cv. Williams were examined”
e7“Germination (40%) was possible at a tissue Na + concentration in the embryonic axis of 9.3 mg g FW -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling growth was completely inhibited at a tissue Na+ concentration of 6.1 mg g FW -1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Compound
- Na +e1
- Outcome
- seedling growthe1
- Direction
- completely inhibitede1
- Value
- 6.1 mg g FW -1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination and seedling growth of soybean ( Glycine max L.) cv. Williams were examined”
e1“seedling growth was completely inhibited at a tissue Na + concentration of 6.1 mg g FW -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination at higher tissue Na+ concentrations was associated with higher K+ and Ca2+ concentrations in the embryo axis than in growing seedlings.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- embryo axise1
- Compound
- Na +e1
- Outcome
- K + and Ca 2+ concentrationse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- growing seedlingse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination and seedling growth of soybean ( Glycine max L.) cv. Williams were examined”
e1“Germination at higher tissue Na + concentrations was associated with higher K + and Ca 2+ concentrations in the embryo axis, compared with growing seedlings”
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See all 116 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.