Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Oryza glaberrima is widely grown in flood-prone areas of African river basins and is subject to prolonged periods of annual submergence. The effects of submergence on shoot elongation, shoot biomass, leaf area and CO(2) uptake were studied and compared with those of O. sativa. METHODS: A wide selection of lines of O. sativa and O. glaberrima, including some classified as submergence tolerant, were compared in field and pot experiments. Plants were submerged completely for 31 d in a field experiment, and partially or completely for 37 d in a pot experiment in a growth chamber. KEY RESULTS: Leaf elongation and growth in shoot biomass during complete submergence in the field were significantly greater in O. glaberrima than in O. sativa. So-called submergence-tolerant cultivars of O. sativa were unable to survive prolonged complete submergence for 31-37 d. This indicates that the mechanism of suppressed leaf elongation that confers increased survival of short-term submergence is inadequate for surviving long periods underwater. The O. sativa deepwater cultivar 'Nylon' and the 'Yélé1A' cultivar of O. glaberrima succeeded in emerging above the floodwater. This resulted in greatly increased shoot length, shoot biomass and leaf area, in association with an increased net assimilation rate compared with the lowland-adapted O. sativa 'Banjoulou'. CONCLUSIONS: The superior tolerance of deepwater O. sativa and O. glaberrima genotypes to prolonged complete submergence appears to be due to their greater photosynthetic capacity developed by leaves newly emerged above the floodwater. Vigorous upward leaf elongation during prolonged submergence is therefore critical for ensuring shoot emergence from water, leaf area extension above the water surface and a subsequent strong increase in shoot biomass.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf elongation and growth in shoot biomass during complete submergence in the field were significantly greater in O. glaberrima than in O. sativa.
- Taxon
- O. glaberrima
Oryza glaberrimae0 - Treatment
- complete submergencee0
- Outcome
- Leaf elongation and growth in shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- O. sativae0
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf elongation and growth in shoot biomass during complete submergence in the field were significantly greater in O. glaberrima than in O. sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
So-called submergence-tolerant O. sativa cultivars were unable to survive prolonged complete submergence for 31-37 d.
- Taxon
- O. sativa
Oryza sativae1 - Material
- submergence-tolerant cultivarse1
- Treatment
- prolonged complete submergencee1
- Outcome
- survivee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“So-called submergence-tolerant cultivars of O. sativa were unable to survive prolonged complete submergence for 31-37 d”
Claim · model-written summary
The deepwater cultivars emerging above the floodwater had greatly increased shoot length, shoot biomass and leaf area compared with the lowland-adapted O. sativa Banjoulou.
- Taxon
- O. sativaOryza sativae2
- Material
- deepwater cultivar 'Nylon'e2
- Treatment
- succeeded in emerging above the floodwatere2
- Outcome
- shoot length, shoot biomass and leaf areae3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- lowland-adapted O. sativa 'Banjoulou'e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The O. sativa deepwater cultivar 'Nylon' and the 'Yélé1A' cultivar of O. glaberrima succeeded in emerging above the floodwater”
e3“This resulted in greatly increased shoot length, shoot biomass and leaf area”
e4“in association with an increased net assimilation rate compared with the lowland-adapted O. sativa 'Banjoulou'”
Claim · model-written summary
The deepwater cultivars emerging above the floodwater had an increased net assimilation rate compared with the lowland-adapted O. sativa Banjoulou.
- Taxon
- O. sativaOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- succeeded in emerging above the floodwatere2
- Outcome
- net assimilation ratee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- lowland-adapted O. sativa 'Banjoulou'e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The O. sativa deepwater cultivar 'Nylon' and the 'Yélé1A' cultivar of O. glaberrima succeeded in emerging above the floodwater”
e4“in association with an increased net assimilation rate compared with the lowland-adapted O. sativa 'Banjoulou'”
Claim · model-written summary
Vigorous upward leaf elongation during prolonged submergence is critical for shoot emergence from water.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa and O. glaberrimaOryza sativaOryza glaberrimat0
- Outcome
- shoot emergence from watere5
- Qualifier
- Vigorous upward leaf elongation during prolonged submergencee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima”
e5“Vigorous upward leaf elongation during prolonged submergence is therefore critical for ensuring shoot emergence from water”
Claim · model-written summary
The superior tolerance of deepwater genotypes to prolonged complete submergence appears to be due to their greater photosynthetic capacity.
- Taxon
- O. sativa and O. glaberrimaOryza sativaOryza glaberrimae6
- Outcome
- superior tolerancee6
- Qualifier
- greater photosynthetic capacitye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The superior tolerance of deepwater O. sativa and O. glaberrima genotypes to prolonged complete submergence appears to be due to their greater photosynthetic capacity”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressed leaf elongation is inadequate for surviving long periods underwater.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa and O. glaberrimaOryza sativaOryza glaberrimat0
- Outcome
- surviving long periods underwatere7
- Qualifier
- mechanism of suppressed leaf elongatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima”
e7“This indicates that the mechanism of suppressed leaf elongation that confers increased survival of short-term submergence is inadequate for surviving long periods underwater”
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