Nutrient management through soil and foliar application on production maximization of rainy season groundnut

Abstract

Integrated use of .organic and inorganic fertilizers can improve crop productivity and sustain soil health and fertility. The present experiment was conducted during rainy season of 2011, 2012 and 2013 at groundnut Research Farm, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha to study the effect of nutrient management practices on maximizing the production of groundnut crop. The results revealed that different nutrient management practices exerted significant influence on pod yield and yield attributes of groundnut under rain fed conditions. Application of FYM @ 7.5 t/ha plus recommended dose of NPK/ha (20 kg N, 40 kg P 2 O 5 and 40 kg K 2 O/ha) along with soil application of critical micronutrients (10 kg borax/ha) produced higher pod yield (1457 kg/ha) and higher net monetary returns (Rs.7096 /ha) as compared to application of recommended dose of NPK/ha with or without FYM @ 7.5 t/ha (1332kg/ha, Rs. 5305 /ha and 1105 kg/ha, Rs. 2710 /ha, respectively). The same treatment recorded significantly highest number of root nodules per plant at 40 DAS(15.6) and 80 DAS (18.9) and maximum number of pods/plant (18.6) 100 kernel weight (33.0) and shelling per cent (64.2) as compared to other fertility levels. Foliar application of urea also significantly influenced pod yield of groundnut. However, foliar application of urea @ 2 per cent at 30 and 60 DAS exhibited maximizing pod yield of 1350 kg/ha which is 11.6 per cent higher than no foliar application (1210kg/ha). It was concluded that to get maximum productivity and profitability from groundnut during rainy season in acidic soils of Odisha, the crop should be managed with 7.5 t FYM/ha + 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer as basal + foliar spray of 2 per cent urea at 30 and 60 DAS.

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Claims 11

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Nutrient management significantly influenced groundnut pod yield and yield attributes under rain-fed conditions.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
Treatment: different nutrient management practicese0
Outcome: pod yield and yield attributese0
Setting: rain fed conditionse0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Arachis hypogaea* · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0
“different nutrient management practices exerted significant influence on pod yield and yield attributes of groundnut under rain fed conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 413–555 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

FYM plus recommended NPK and borax produced higher pod yield of 1457 kg/ha than recommended NPK with or without FYM.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
Treatment: FYM @ 7.5 t/ha plus recommended dose of NPK/ha (20 kg N, 40 kg P 2 O 5 and 40 kg K 2 O/ha) along with soil application of critical micronutrients (10 kg borax/ha)e0
Outcome: pod yielde0
Direction: highere0
Value: 1457 kg/hae0
Qualifier: 1332kg/ha, Rs. 5305 /ha and 1105 kg/ha, Rs. 2710 /ha, respectivelye0
Comparator: recommended dose of NPK/ha with or without FYM @ 7.5 t/hae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Application of FYM @ 7.5 t/ha plus recommended dose of NPK/ha (20 kg N, 40 kg P 2 O 5 and 40 kg K 2 O/ha) along with soil application of critical micronutrients (10 kg borax/ha) produced higher pod yield (1457 kg/ha) and higher net monetary returns (Rs.7096 /ha) as compared to application of recommended dose of NPK/ha with or without FYM @ 7.5 t/ha (1332kg/ha, Rs. 5305 /ha and 1105 kg/ha, Rs. 2710 /ha, respectively).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 557–977 · show in text ↑

t0
“groundnut”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–108 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

FYM plus recommended NPK and borax produced higher net monetary returns of Rs.7096 /ha.

Treatment: FYM @ 7.5 t/ha plus recommended dose of NPK/ha (20 kg N, 40 kg P 2 O 5 and 40 kg K 2 O/ha) along with soil application of critical micronutrients (10 kg borax/ha)e0
Outcome: net monetary returnse0
Direction: highere0
Value: Rs.7096 /hae0
Comparator: recommended dose of NPK/ha with or without FYM @ 7.5 t/hae0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“Application of FYM @ 7.5 t/ha plus recommended dose of NPK/ha (20 kg N, 40 kg P 2 O 5 and 40 kg K 2 O/ha) along with soil application of critical micronutrients (10 kg borax/ha) produced higher pod yield (1457 kg/ha) and higher net monetary returns (Rs.7096 /ha) as compared to application of recommended dose of NPK/ha with or without FYM @ 7.5 t/ha (1332kg/ha, Rs. 5305 /ha and 1105 kg/ha, Rs. 2710 /ha, respectively).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 557–977 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The same fertilizer treatment gave the significantly highest root nodule number at 40 DAS, 15.6 per plant.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
Organ / stage: 40 DASe0
Treatment: FYM @ 7.5 t/ha plus recommended dose of NPK/ha (20 kg N, 40 kg P 2 O 5 and 40 kg K 2 O/ha) along with soil application of critical micronutrients (10 kg borax/ha)e1
Outcome: number of root nodules per plante0
Direction: higheste0
Value: 15.6e0
Comparator: other fertility levelse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The same treatment recorded significantly highest number of root nodules per plant at 40 DAS(15.6) and 80 DAS (18.9) and maximum number of pods/plant (18.6) 100 kernel weight (33.0) and shelling per cent (64.2) as compared to other fertility levels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 978–1227 · show in text ↑

e1
“Application of FYM @ 7.5 t/ha plus recommended dose of NPK/ha (20 kg N, 40 kg P 2 O 5 and 40 kg K 2 O/ha) along with soil application of critical micronutrients (10 kg borax/ha)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 557–734 · show in text ↑

t0
“groundnut”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–108 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The same fertilizer treatment gave the significantly highest root nodule number at 80 DAS, 18.9 per plant.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
Organ / stage: 80 DASe0
Treatment: FYM @ 7.5 t/ha plus recommended dose of NPK/ha (20 kg N, 40 kg P 2 O 5 and 40 kg K 2 O/ha) along with soil application of critical micronutrients (10 kg borax/ha)e1
Outcome: number of root nodules per plante0
Direction: higheste0
Value: 18.9e0
Comparator: other fertility levelse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The same treatment recorded significantly highest number of root nodules per plant at 40 DAS(15.6) and 80 DAS (18.9) and maximum number of pods/plant (18.6) 100 kernel weight (33.0) and shelling per cent (64.2) as compared to other fertility levels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 978–1227 · show in text ↑

e1
“Application of FYM @ 7.5 t/ha plus recommended dose of NPK/ha (20 kg N, 40 kg P 2 O 5 and 40 kg K 2 O/ha) along with soil application of critical micronutrients (10 kg borax/ha)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 557–734 · show in text ↑

t0
“groundnut”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–108 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment maximized pods per plant at 18.6.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
Treatment: FYM @ 7.5 t/ha plus recommended dose of NPK/ha (20 kg N, 40 kg P 2 O 5 and 40 kg K 2 O/ha) along with soil application of critical micronutrients (10 kg borax/ha)e1
Outcome: number of pods/plante0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 18.6e0
Comparator: other fertility levelse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The same treatment recorded significantly highest number of root nodules per plant at 40 DAS(15.6) and 80 DAS (18.9) and maximum number of pods/plant (18.6) 100 kernel weight (33.0) and shelling per cent (64.2) as compared to other fertility levels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 978–1227 · show in text ↑

e1
“Application of FYM @ 7.5 t/ha plus recommended dose of NPK/ha (20 kg N, 40 kg P 2 O 5 and 40 kg K 2 O/ha) along with soil application of critical micronutrients (10 kg borax/ha)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 557–734 · show in text ↑

t0
“groundnut”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–108 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment maximized 100 kernel weight at 33.0.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
Treatment: FYM @ 7.5 t/ha plus recommended dose of NPK/ha (20 kg N, 40 kg P 2 O 5 and 40 kg K 2 O/ha) along with soil application of critical micronutrients (10 kg borax/ha)e1
Outcome: 100 kernel weighte0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 33.0e0
Comparator: other fertility levelse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The same treatment recorded significantly highest number of root nodules per plant at 40 DAS(15.6) and 80 DAS (18.9) and maximum number of pods/plant (18.6) 100 kernel weight (33.0) and shelling per cent (64.2) as compared to other fertility levels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 978–1227 · show in text ↑

e1
“Application of FYM @ 7.5 t/ha plus recommended dose of NPK/ha (20 kg N, 40 kg P 2 O 5 and 40 kg K 2 O/ha) along with soil application of critical micronutrients (10 kg borax/ha)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 557–734 · show in text ↑

t0
“groundnut”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–108 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment maximized shelling percentage at 64.2.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
Treatment: FYM @ 7.5 t/ha plus recommended dose of NPK/ha (20 kg N, 40 kg P 2 O 5 and 40 kg K 2 O/ha) along with soil application of critical micronutrients (10 kg borax/ha)e1
Outcome: shelling per cente0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 64.2e0
Comparator: other fertility levelse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The same treatment recorded significantly highest number of root nodules per plant at 40 DAS(15.6) and 80 DAS (18.9) and maximum number of pods/plant (18.6) 100 kernel weight (33.0) and shelling per cent (64.2) as compared to other fertility levels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 978–1227 · show in text ↑

e1
“Application of FYM @ 7.5 t/ha plus recommended dose of NPK/ha (20 kg N, 40 kg P 2 O 5 and 40 kg K 2 O/ha) along with soil application of critical micronutrients (10 kg borax/ha)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 557–734 · show in text ↑

t0
“groundnut”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–108 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar urea significantly influenced pod yield.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
Treatment: Foliar application of ureae0
Outcome: pod yielde0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Foliar application of urea also significantly influenced pod yield of groundnut.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1228–1308 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar 2 percent urea at 30 and 60 DAS gave pod yield of 1350 kg/ha, 11.6 percent above no foliar application.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
Treatment: foliar application of urea @ 2 per cent at 30 and 60 DASe0
Outcome: pod yielde0
Direction: highere0
Value: 1350 kg/hae0
Qualifier: 11.6 per cent higher than no foliar application (1210kg/ha)e0
Comparator: no foliar applicatione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“foliar application of urea @ 2 per cent at 30 and 60 DAS exhibited maximizing pod yield of 1350 kg/ha which is 11.6 per cent higher than no foliar application (1210kg/ha).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1318–1489 · show in text ↑

t0
“groundnut”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–108 · show in text ↑

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend FYM, the full basal fertilizer dose and 2 percent foliar urea for maximum groundnut productivity and profitability in acidic Odisha soils.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
Outcome: 7.5 t FYM/ha + 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer as basal + foliar spray of 2 per cent urea at 30 and 60 DASe0
Qualifier: during rainy season in acidic soilse0
Setting: Odishae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“It was concluded that to get maximum productivity and profitability from groundnut during rainy season in acidic soils of Odisha, the crop should be managed with 7.5 t FYM/ha + 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer as basal + foliar spray of 2 per cent urea at 30 and 60 DAS.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1490–1771 · show in text ↑

borax · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree

14 papers: 14 positive, 0 negative or no effect

13 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Number of pods per plant was higher with recommended fertilizer plus micronutrients (37.02) than with recommended fertilizer alone.
Effect of balanced fertilizer managementpractices on factor of productivity on Groundnut(Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivation · 2017 · compared with only recommended dose of fertilizer (25:50:25 NPK+ Gypsum @ 500kg ha-1 at 30 DAS)
Same direction
positive
Soil and foliar micronutrients improved groundnut yield.
Nutrient Management Strategies for Enhancing Productivity of Dryland Crops inAlfisols · 2014
Same direction
positive
Zinc sulphate, borax and ferrous sulphate, alone or combined, gave significant and maximum growth and yield attributes and pod yield of groundnut over control.
Response of confectionery groundnut to micronutrients · 2001 · compared with control
Same direction

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nitrogen · symbiosis · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results differ

29 papers: 17 positive, 12 negative or no effect

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nitrogen · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results differ

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no effect
Peanut yield was not sensitive to N application in the simulations.
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Opposite direction
negative
Compared with conventional nitrogen fertilization, 25% and 35% nitrogen reduction reduced 100-fruit weight, 100-kernel weight and yield of peanut.
Effect of Reducing Nitrogen Fertilization and Adding Organic Fertilizer on Net Photosynthetic Rate, Root Nodules and Yield in Peanut · 2023 · compared with conventional nitrogen fertilization
Opposite direction
negative
High rates of potassium and nitrogen combined with low rates of calcium lowered groundnut yields.
Effects of Fertilizers on Exchangeable Cation Ratios and Crop Nutrition in Northern Nigeria · 1976
Opposite direction

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phosphorus · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results differ

178 papers: 160 positive, 18 negative or no effect

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negative
The highest combined N and P rates gave lower grain yield of groundnut than the combined application of 15 kg N and 46 kg P2O5.
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Opposite direction
no effect
P did not improve groundnut yields over the control.
Groundnut Response to Ash, Phosphorus, Lime and Tillage in Southern Cameroon · 2002 · compared with the control
Opposite direction
no effect
10 kg P was ineffective for yield.
Effect of Soil Amendments with Organic and Inorganic Manures on the Incidence of Dry Root Rot of Groundnut · 1996
Opposite direction

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micronutrient · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results

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positive
Basal and foliar inorganic fertilizer with micronutrients raised pod yield.
Effect of various doses of basal and foliar application of nitrogen and potassium with trace elements on summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) · 2023
Same directionCites this paper
no effect
Fritted micronutrients had no effect on groundnut yield.
Fertilizer Studies with Groundnuts on the Brown Sands of Guyana. I. Effect of Nitrogen, Inoculum, Magnesium, and Fritted Micronutrients¹ · 1975
Opposite direction
no effect
Micronutrient addition with fertilizer produced pod yield on par with a 150% fertilizer dose.
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no effect
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positive
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positive
At Babile, 60 kg P2O5 ha−1 increased peanut nodule dry weight by 88.4% over the P control.
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application · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results

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positive
Basal and foliar inorganic fertilizer with micronutrients raised pod yield.
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Same directionCites this paper
no effect
Foliar fertilizer application did not increase peanut yield within site-years.
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no effect
25 ppm NAA did not significantly change flower production.
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8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 11

The same questions in other papers

borax · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree

nitrogen · symbiosis · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results differ

nitrogen · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results differ

phosphorus · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results differ

micronutrient · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results

phosphorus · symbiosis · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results

fertilization · symbiosis · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results

application · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results