Abstract
Low concentrations of phosphorus limit grain legumes’ yield in the northern part of Ghana. Smallholder farmers could benefit from P-fertilizer blends to improve yield. This study evaluated the responses of soybean, cowpea and groundnut to P-fertilizer blends and their profitability in researcher-managed and farmer-managed trials in Northern, Upper West, and Upper East regions. The experiment was set up in a cross-factorial arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were two types of P-fertilizer blends (triple superphosphate and new yaraLegume applied at 30 kg P ha−1), a control and three varieties each of soybean (TGX 1835-10E, TGX 1789-8E and TGX 1834-5E), cowpea (Padituya, Wang-Kae and Kirkhouse), and groundnut (Samnut 23, Samnut 22 and Yenyawwaso). P-fertilizer blends increased grain yield of grain legumes in researcher-managed trials. In the researcher-managed trials, P-fertilizer blends doubled the nodulation of soybean varieties but did not influence the nodulation of cowpea and groundnut. P-fertilizer blends increased P-agronomic efficiency over control; however, the different P-fertilizer blends had similar P-use efficiencies. In farmer-managed trials, only the yield of groundnuts varied with the different P-fertilizer blends in the Upper West region, suggesting that P utilization may be location-specific for groundnuts. P-fertilizer blends increased the grain yield of soybean and cowpea varieties in the Northern and Upper West regions but not the Upper East region. The interaction between soybean and cowpea varieties and P-fertilizer blends was not significant. P-fertilizer blends recorded a higher value cost ratios (VCRs) that can offset uncertainties in price fluctuations. The high VCRs indicated that P-fertilizer blends were profitable and could be used to improve the livelihoods of smallholder grain legume farmers. The study demonstrated that grain legumes responded to P-fertilizer blends and are profitable. However, the non-responsive nature of the Upper East soils needs to be investigated to make P-fertilizer blends profitable in the region.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
P-fertilizer blends increased grain yield of grain legumes in researcher-managed trials.
- Taxon
- grain legumese2
- Treatment
- P-fertilizer blendse2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Setting
- researcher-managed trialse2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e2“P-fertilizer blends increased grain yield of grain legumes in researcher-managed trials”
Claim · model-written summary
In researcher-managed trials, P-fertilizer blends doubled the nodulation of soybean varieties.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe2 - Material
- TGX 1835-10E, TGX 1789-8E and TGX 1834-5Ee1
- Treatment
- P-fertilizer blendse2
- Outcome
- nodulatione2
- Direction
- doublede2
- Setting
- researcher-managed trialse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“three varieties each of soybean (TGX 1835-10E, TGX 1789-8E and TGX 1834-5E), cowpea (Padituya, Wang-Kae and Kirkhouse), and groundnut (Samnut 23, Samnut 22 and Yenyawwaso)”
e2“In the researcher-managed trials, P-fertilizer blends doubled the nodulation of soybean varieties but did not influence the nodulation of cowpea and groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
In researcher-managed trials, P-fertilizer blends did not influence nodulation of cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae2 - Material
- Padituya, Wang-Kae and Kirkhousee1
- Treatment
- P-fertilizer blendse2
- Outcome
- nodulatione2
- Direction
- did not influencee2
- Setting
- researcher-managed trialse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“three varieties each of soybean (TGX 1835-10E, TGX 1789-8E and TGX 1834-5E), cowpea (Padituya, Wang-Kae and Kirkhouse), and groundnut (Samnut 23, Samnut 22 and Yenyawwaso)”
e2“In the researcher-managed trials, P-fertilizer blends doubled the nodulation of soybean varieties but did not influence the nodulation of cowpea and groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
In researcher-managed trials, P-fertilizer blends did not influence nodulation of groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeae2 - Material
- Samnut 23, Samnut 22 and Yenyawwasoe1
- Treatment
- P-fertilizer blendse2
- Outcome
- nodulatione2
- Direction
- did not influencee2
- Setting
- researcher-managed trialse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“three varieties each of soybean (TGX 1835-10E, TGX 1789-8E and TGX 1834-5E), cowpea (Padituya, Wang-Kae and Kirkhouse), and groundnut (Samnut 23, Samnut 22 and Yenyawwaso)”
e2“In the researcher-managed trials, P-fertilizer blends doubled the nodulation of soybean varieties but did not influence the nodulation of cowpea and groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
P-fertilizer blends increased P-agronomic efficiency over control in grain legumes.
Verbatim
t0“A new phosphorus fertilizer blend enhances grain legume yield and profitability in northern part of Ghana”
e3“P-fertilizer blends increased P-agronomic efficiency over control; however, the different P-fertilizer blends had similar P-use efficiencies”
Claim · model-written summary
The different P-fertilizer blends had similar P-use efficiencies in grain legumes.
- Taxon
- grain legumet0
- Treatment
- different P-fertilizer blendse3
- Outcome
- P-use efficienciese3
- Direction
- similare3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“A new phosphorus fertilizer blend enhances grain legume yield and profitability in northern part of Ghana”
e3“P-fertilizer blends increased P-agronomic efficiency over control; however, the different P-fertilizer blends had similar P-use efficiencies”
Claim · model-written summary
Only the yield of groundnuts varied with the different P-fertilizer blends in the Upper West region in farmer-managed trials.
- Taxon
- groundnutsArachis hypogaeae5
- Material
- Samnut 23, Samnut 22 and Yenyawwasoe1
- Treatment
- different P-fertilizer blendse5
- Outcome
- yield of groundnutse5
- Direction
- variede5
- Setting
- Upper West regione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“three varieties each of soybean (TGX 1835-10E, TGX 1789-8E and TGX 1834-5E), cowpea (Padituya, Wang-Kae and Kirkhouse), and groundnut (Samnut 23, Samnut 22 and Yenyawwaso)”
e5“In farmer-managed trials, only the yield of groundnuts varied with the different P-fertilizer blends in the Upper West region”
Claim · model-written summary
P-fertilizer blends increased grain yield of soybean varieties in the Northern and Upper West regions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe6
- Material
- TGX 1835-10E, TGX 1789-8E and TGX 1834-5Ee1
- Treatment
- P-fertilizer blendse6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Setting
- Northern and Upper West regionse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“three varieties each of soybean (TGX 1835-10E, TGX 1789-8E and TGX 1834-5E), cowpea (Padituya, Wang-Kae and Kirkhouse), and groundnut (Samnut 23, Samnut 22 and Yenyawwaso)”
e6“P-fertilizer blends increased the grain yield of soybean and cowpea varieties in the Northern and Upper West regions but not the Upper East region”
Claim · model-written summary
P-fertilizer blends increased grain yield of cowpea varieties in the Northern and Upper West regions.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae6
- Material
- Padituya, Wang-Kae and Kirkhousee1
- Treatment
- P-fertilizer blendse6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Setting
- Northern and Upper West regionse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“three varieties each of soybean (TGX 1835-10E, TGX 1789-8E and TGX 1834-5E), cowpea (Padituya, Wang-Kae and Kirkhouse), and groundnut (Samnut 23, Samnut 22 and Yenyawwaso)”
e6“P-fertilizer blends increased the grain yield of soybean and cowpea varieties in the Northern and Upper West regions but not the Upper East region”
Claim · model-written summary
P-fertilizer blends did not increase grain yield of soybean varieties in the Upper East region.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe6
- Material
- TGX 1835-10E, TGX 1789-8E and TGX 1834-5Ee1
- Treatment
- P-fertilizer blendse6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- but not the Upper East regione6
- Setting
- Upper East regione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“three varieties each of soybean (TGX 1835-10E, TGX 1789-8E and TGX 1834-5E), cowpea (Padituya, Wang-Kae and Kirkhouse), and groundnut (Samnut 23, Samnut 22 and Yenyawwaso)”
e6“P-fertilizer blends increased the grain yield of soybean and cowpea varieties in the Northern and Upper West regions but not the Upper East region”
Claim · model-written summary
P-fertilizer blends did not increase grain yield of cowpea varieties in the Upper East region.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae6
- Material
- Padituya, Wang-Kae and Kirkhousee1
- Treatment
- P-fertilizer blendse6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- but not the Upper East regione6
- Setting
- Upper East regione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“three varieties each of soybean (TGX 1835-10E, TGX 1789-8E and TGX 1834-5E), cowpea (Padituya, Wang-Kae and Kirkhouse), and groundnut (Samnut 23, Samnut 22 and Yenyawwaso)”
e6“P-fertilizer blends increased the grain yield of soybean and cowpea varieties in the Northern and Upper West regions but not the Upper East region”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction between soybean and cowpea varieties and P-fertilizer blends was not significant.
- Taxon
- soybean and cowpea varietiesGlycine maxVigna unguiculatae7
- Treatment
- P-fertilizer blendse7
- Outcome
- interactione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The interaction between soybean and cowpea varieties and P-fertilizer blends was not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
P-fertilizer blends recorded a higher value cost ratio in grain legumes.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“A new phosphorus fertilizer blend enhances grain legume yield and profitability in northern part of Ghana”
e1“P-fertilizer blends recorded a higher value cost ratios (VCRs) that can offset uncertainties in price fluctuations”
Claim · model-written summary
P-fertilizer blends were profitable for grain legumes, as indicated by high value cost ratios.
Verbatim
t0“A new phosphorus fertilizer blend enhances grain legume yield and profitability in northern part of Ghana”
e1“The high VCRs indicated that P-fertilizer blends were profitable”
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