Abstract
Bacteria such as Pantoea agglomerans (Pa-AF2), Bacillus subtilis (Bs-271), Acinetobacter lwoffii (Al-113), and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CT2), originating from the vineyard, can induce defense responses and enhance resistance of grapevine against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. The perception of these bacteria by plant cells or tissues in relation to their activities remains unknown. In this study, we examined the relationships between the activity of each bacterium to induce or prime some defense responses, and its effectiveness to induce resistance in grapevine against B. cinerea. We showed that all selected bacteria are capable of inducing early oxidative burst and phytoalexin (trans-resveratrol and trans-ε-viniferin) production in grapevine cells and leaves. Pf-CT2 and Al-113 induced higher H(2)O(2) and trans-resveratrol accumulations, and were able to further prime plants for accelerated phytoalexin production after B. cinerea challenge. These two bacteria were also the most effective in inducing local and systemic resistance. A similar level of induced resistance was observed with live Pa-AF2 which also induced but not primed a greater accumulation of trans-resveratrol. However, Bs-271, which was less effective in inducing resistance, induced a lower trans-resveratrol synthesis, without priming activity. Treatment of grapevine cells with growing medium or crude extract of the bacteria quickly and strongly enhanced oxidative burst compared with the live bacteria. However, both treatments resulted in comparable amounts of phytoalexins and induced local and systemic resistance to B. cinerea as compared with those induced by living bacteria, with extracts from Pf-CT2 and Al-113 being the most effective. Together, these results indicate that induced resistance can be improved by treatment with bacteria or derived compounds which induced or primed plants for enhanced phytoalexin accumulation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
All selected bacteria induced oxidative burst and phytoalexin production in grapevine cells and leaves.
- Organ / stage
- cells and leavese0
- Treatment
- selected bacteriae0
- Outcome
- early oxidative burst and phytoalexin (trans-resveratrol and trans-ε-viniferin) productione0
- Direction
- inducinge0
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all selected bacteria are capable of inducing early oxidative burst and phytoalexin (trans-resveratrol and trans-ε-viniferin) production in grapevine cells and leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pf-CT2 induced higher hydrogen peroxide and trans-resveratrol accumulation.
- Treatment
- Pf-CT2e0
- Interactor
- Pf-CT2e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- H(2)O(2) and trans-resveratrol accumulationse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pf-CT2 and Al-113 induced higher H(2)O(2) and trans-resveratrol accumulations”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Al-113 induced higher hydrogen peroxide and trans-resveratrol accumulation.
- Treatment
- Al-113e0
- Interactor
- Al-113e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- H(2)O(2) and trans-resveratrol accumulationse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pf-CT2 and Al-113 induced higher H(2)O(2) and trans-resveratrol accumulations”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Pf-CT2 and Al-113 primed accelerated phytoalexin production after Botrytis challenge.
- Treatment
- Pf-CT2 and Al-113e0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Second interactor
- Pf-CT2 and Al-113e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- phytoalexin productione0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pf-CT2 and Al-113 induced higher H(2)O(2) and trans-resveratrol accumulations, and were able to further prime plants for accelerated phytoalexin production after B. cinerea challenge.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Pf-CT2 and Al-113 were the most effective bacteria for inducing local and systemic resistance.
- Treatment
- Pf-CT2 and Al-113e1
- Interactor
- Pf-CT2 and Al-113e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- local and systemic resistancee0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These two bacteria were also the most effective in inducing local and systemic resistance.”
e1“Pf-CT2 and Al-113 induced higher H(2)O(2) and trans-resveratrol accumulations”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Live Pa-AF2 induced a similar level of resistance and increased trans-resveratrol without priming.
- Treatment
- live Pa-AF2e0
- Interactor
- Pa-AF2e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- induced resistancee0
- Direction
- similar levele0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar level of induced resistance was observed with live Pa-AF2 which also induced but not primed a greater accumulation of trans-resveratrol.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Bs-271 was less effective at inducing resistance and caused lower trans-resveratrol synthesis without priming.
- Treatment
- Bs-271e0
- Interactor
- Bs-271e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- trans-resveratrol synthesise0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bs-271, which was less effective in inducing resistance, induced a lower trans-resveratrol synthesis, without priming activity.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial growth medium or crude extract enhanced oxidative burst more strongly than live bacteria.
- Organ / stage
- cellse0
- Treatment
- growing medium or crude extract of the bacteriae0
- Outcome
- oxidative burste0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- live bacteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of grapevine cells with growing medium or crude extract of the bacteria quickly and strongly enhanced oxidative burst compared with the live bacteria.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial growth medium and extracts produced comparable phytoalexin amounts and resistance to live bacteria.
- Treatment
- both treatmentse0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- amounts of phytoalexins and induced local and systemic resistancee0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- living bacteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both treatments resulted in comparable amounts of phytoalexins and induced local and systemic resistance to B. cinerea as compared with those induced by living bacteria”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts from Pf-CT2 and Al-113 were the most effective bacterial extracts.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extracts from Pf-CT2 and Al-113 being the most effective.”
t0“Grapevine”
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