Abstract
Elevated CO2 concentrations (eCO2) trigger various plant responses. Despite intensive studies of these responses, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. In this work, we investigated when and how leaf physiology and anatomy are affected by eCO2 in rice plants. We analyzed the most recently fully expanded leaves that developed successively after transfer of the plant to eCO2. To discriminate between the effects of eCO2 and those of nitrogen deficiency, we used three different levels of N application. We found that a decline in the leaf soluble protein content (on a leaf area basis) at eCO2 was only observed under N deficiency. The length and width of the leaf blade were reduced by both eCO2 and N deficiency, whereas the blade thickness was increased by eCO2 but was not affected by N deficiency. The change in length by eCO2 became detectable in the secondly fully expanded leaf, and those in width and thickness in the thirdly fully expanded leaf, which were at the leaf developmental stages P4 and P3, respectively, at the onset of the eCO2 treatment. The decreased blade length at eCO2 was associated with a decrease in the epidermal cell number on the adaxial side and a reduction in cell length on the abaxial side. The decreased width resulted from decreased numbers of small vascular bundles and epidermal cell files. The increased thickness was ascribed mainly to enhanced development of bundle sheath extensions at the ridges of vascular bundles. These observations enable us to identify the sites of action of eCO2 on rice leaf development.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 lowered leaf soluble protein only under nitrogen deficiency.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- leaf soluble protein content (on a leaf area basis)e0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Qualifier
- under N deficiencye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“a decline in the leaf soluble protein content (on a leaf area basis) at eCO2 was only observed under N deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced leaf blade length.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The length and width of the leaf blade were reduced by both eCO2 and N deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced leaf blade width.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The length and width of the leaf blade were reduced by both eCO2 and N deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen deficiency reduced leaf blade length.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf bladee0
- Treatment
- N deficiencye0
- Outcome
- lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The length and width of the leaf blade were reduced by both eCO2 and N deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen deficiency reduced leaf blade width.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf bladee0
- Treatment
- N deficiencye0
- Outcome
- widthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The length and width of the leaf blade were reduced by both eCO2 and N deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased blade thickness.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- blade thicknesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“the blade thickness was increased by eCO2 but was not affected by N deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen deficiency did not affect blade thickness.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N deficiencye0
- Outcome
- blade thicknesse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“the blade thickness was increased by eCO2 but was not affected by N deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
The elevated CO2 effect on blade length became detectable in the second fully expanded leaf, at P4 at treatment onset.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- secondly fully expanded leafe0
- Outcome
- change in lengthe0
- Qualifier
- P4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The change in length by eCO2 became detectable in the secondly fully expanded leaf, and those in width and thickness in the thirdly fully expanded leaf, which were at the leaf developmental stages P4 and P3, respectively, at the onset of the eCO2 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The elevated CO2 effect on blade width became detectable in the third fully expanded leaf, at P3 at onset.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- thirdly fully expanded leafe0
- Outcome
- widthe0
- Qualifier
- P3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The change in length by eCO2 became detectable in the secondly fully expanded leaf, and those in width and thickness in the thirdly fully expanded leaf, which were at the leaf developmental stages P4 and P3, respectively, at the onset of the eCO2 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The elevated CO2 effect on blade thickness became detectable in the third fully expanded leaf, at P3 at onset.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- thirdly fully expanded leafe0
- Outcome
- thicknesse0
- Qualifier
- P3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The change in length by eCO2 became detectable in the secondly fully expanded leaf, and those in width and thickness in the thirdly fully expanded leaf, which were at the leaf developmental stages P4 and P3, respectively, at the onset of the eCO2 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced blade length was associated with fewer adaxial epidermal cells.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- adaxial sidee0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- epidermal cell numbere0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The decreased blade length at eCO2 was associated with a decrease in the epidermal cell number on the adaxial side”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced blade length was associated with shorter abaxial cells.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- abaxial sidee0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- cell lengthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The decreased blade length at eCO2 was associated with a decrease in the epidermal cell number on the adaxial side and a reduction in cell length on the abaxial side”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced width resulted from fewer small vascular bundles.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- small vascular bundlese0
- Outcome
- decreased widthe0
- Qualifier
- decreased numberse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The decreased width resulted from decreased numbers of small vascular bundles and epidermal cell files”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced width resulted from fewer epidermal cell files.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- epidermal cell filese0
- Outcome
- decreased widthe0
- Qualifier
- decreased numberse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The decreased width resulted from decreased numbers of small vascular bundles and epidermal cell files”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater blade thickness was attributed mainly to enhanced bundle sheath extension development.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- bundle sheath extensionse0
- Outcome
- increased thicknesse0
- Qualifier
- enhanced developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The increased thickness was ascribed mainly to enhanced development of bundle sheath extensions at the ridges of vascular bundles”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · physiology: osmolytes · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →co2 · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 100 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
120 papers more in this group
See all 124 papers →nitrogen · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
401 papers in the same direction as this paper · 101 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- positive
- negative
- negative
507 papers more in this group
See all 511 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.