Abstract
The present study was aimed to compare differential responses of growth, chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation and accumulation of compatible solutes in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars: Fleur 11 (salt-tolerant), Mbiah and PC 79-79 (moderately-tolerant) and Vanda (salt-sensitive) at the vegetative growth stage, under greenhouse conditions, in the presence of 0, 50, 100 or 200 mM NaCl. The root dry weight (RDW) and shoot dry weight (SDW) of cv. Vanda decreased significantly (p< 0.05) in salt-treated plants than those of cvs. Fleur 11, Mbiah and PC 79-79. The SDW reduction was notably noted at 100 mM NaCl in cvs. Mbiah and PC 79-79, while cv. Fleur 11 showed significantly (P<0.05) decrease in salt-treated plants only at 200 mM NaCl but had higher SDW accumulation than others. The leaf chlorophyll content increased in cvs. Fleur 11 and PC 79-79 and decreased in cv. Vanda with increasing NaCl levels. Proline (PRO) and glycine betaine (GB) contents significantly (p<0.05) increase, for all cultivars, in the stressed plants with the highest quantity in Fleur 11 and the lowest in Vanda. Malondialdehyde levels increased under salt stress in the leaves of cv. Vanda but decreased in cvsMbiah, PC 79-79 and Fleur 11 at 100 and 200 mM, respectively. Total phenolic content increased significantly (p < 0.05) at 200 mM NaCl in the leaves of cv. Vanda than others, while cv. Fleur 11 showed the lowest increase. The salt-tolerant cv. Fleur 11 exhibits a better protection mechanism against oxidative damage caused by salt stress maintaining a higher accumulation of PRO and GB than others. Higher PRO and GB accumulation in the leaves may be regarded as potential biochemical indicator for earlier selection of salt tolerant peanut and targets for improvement through transgenic approaches. Keywords: Arachis hypogaea, glycine betaine, growth, lipid peroxidation, proline, salt stress
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Vanda root and shoot dry weights decreased significantly under salt stress relative to other cultivars.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Material
- Vandae0
- Treatment
- salt-treatede0
- Outcome
- root dry weight (RDW) and shoot dry weight (SDW)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- cvs. Fleur 11, Mbiah and PC 79-79e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root dry weight (RDW) and shoot dry weight (SDW) of cv. Vanda decreased significantly (p< 0.05) in salt-treated plants than those of cvs. Fleur 11, Mbiah and PC 79-79.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mbiah shoot dry weight reduction was notable at 100 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Mbiahe0
- Treatment
- 100 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- SDWe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SDW reduction was notably noted at 100 mM NaCl in cvs. Mbiah and PC 79-79”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
PC 79-79 shoot dry weight reduction was notable at 100 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- PC 79-79e0
- Treatment
- 100 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- SDWe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SDW reduction was notably noted at 100 mM NaCl in cvs. Mbiah and PC 79-79”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fleur 11 shoot dry weight fell significantly only at 200 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Fleur 11e0
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- SDWe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cv. Fleur 11 showed significantly (P<0.05) decrease in salt-treated plants only at 200 mM NaCl but had higher SDW accumulation than others.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fleur 11 accumulated higher shoot dry weight than other cultivars under salt treatment.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Fleur 11e0
- Outcome
- SDW accumulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cv. Fleur 11 showed significantly (P<0.05) decrease in salt-treated plants only at 200 mM NaCl but had higher SDW accumulation than others.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf chlorophyll increased with NaCl in Fleur 11.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Fleur 11e0
- Treatment
- increasing NaCl levelse0
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf chlorophyll content increased in cvs. Fleur 11 and PC 79-79 and decreased in cv. Vanda with increasing NaCl levels.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf chlorophyll increased with NaCl in PC 79-79.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- PC 79-79e0
- Treatment
- increasing NaCl levelse0
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf chlorophyll content increased in cvs. Fleur 11 and PC 79-79 and decreased in cv. Vanda with increasing NaCl levels.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf chlorophyll decreased with NaCl in Vanda.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Vandae0
- Treatment
- increasing NaCl levelse0
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf chlorophyll content increased in cvs. Fleur 11 and PC 79-79 and decreased in cv. Vanda with increasing NaCl levels.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline and glycine betaine contents increased significantly in all cultivars under salt stress.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- stressed plantse0
- Outcome
- Proline (PRO) and glycine betaine (GB) contentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline (PRO) and glycine betaine (GB) contents significantly (p<0.05) increase, for all cultivars, in the stressed plants with the highest quantity in Fleur 11 and the lowest in Vanda.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fleur 11 had the highest proline and glycine betaine quantity under stress.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Fleur 11e0
- Outcome
- Proline (PRO) and glycine betaine (GB) contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- stressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline (PRO) and glycine betaine (GB) contents significantly (p<0.05) increase, for all cultivars, in the stressed plants with the highest quantity in Fleur 11 and the lowest in Vanda.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vanda had the lowest proline and glycine betaine quantity under stress.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Vandae0
- Outcome
- Proline (PRO) and glycine betaine (GB) contentse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- stressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline (PRO) and glycine betaine (GB) contents significantly (p<0.05) increase, for all cultivars, in the stressed plants with the highest quantity in Fleur 11 and the lowest in Vanda.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf malondialdehyde rose under salt stress in Vanda.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Vandae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- Malondialdehyde levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malondialdehyde levels increased under salt stress in the leaves of cv. Vanda but decreased in cvsMbiah, PC 79-79 and Fleur 11 at 100 and 200 mM, respectively.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf malondialdehyde decreased in Mbiah under salt stress.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Mbiahe0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- Malondialdehyde levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malondialdehyde levels increased under salt stress in the leaves of cv. Vanda but decreased in cvsMbiah, PC 79-79 and Fleur 11 at 100 and 200 mM, respectively.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf malondialdehyde decreased in PC 79-79 under salt stress.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- PC 79-79e0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- Malondialdehyde levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malondialdehyde levels increased under salt stress in the leaves of cv. Vanda but decreased in cvsMbiah, PC 79-79 and Fleur 11 at 100 and 200 mM, respectively.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf malondialdehyde decreased in Fleur 11 under salt stress.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Fleur 11e0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- Malondialdehyde levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malondialdehyde levels increased under salt stress in the leaves of cv. Vanda but decreased in cvsMbiah, PC 79-79 and Fleur 11 at 100 and 200 mM, respectively.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 mM NaCl, Vanda had a significant increase in leaf total phenolics relative to other cultivars.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Vandae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- Total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total phenolic content increased significantly (p < 0.05) at 200 mM NaCl in the leaves of cv. Vanda than others, while cv. Fleur 11 showed the lowest increase.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fleur 11 had the lowest increase in total phenolic content.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Fleur 11e0
- Outcome
- Total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- lowest increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total phenolic content increased significantly (p < 0.05) at 200 mM NaCl in the leaves of cv. Vanda than others, while cv. Fleur 11 showed the lowest increase.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret Fleur 11 tolerance as protection against oxidative damage associated with higher proline and glycine betaine accumulation.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Fleur 11e0
- Outcome
- protection mechanism against oxidative damagee0
- Qualifier
- higher accumulation of PRO and GBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The salt-tolerant cv. Fleur 11 exhibits a better protection mechanism against oxidative damage caused by salt stress maintaining a higher accumulation of PRO and GB than others.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest leaf proline and glycine betaine accumulation as early indicators for selecting salt-tolerant peanut.
- Taxon
- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- potential biochemical indicator for earlier selection of salt tolerant peanute0
- Qualifier
- PRO and GB accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher PRO and GB accumulation in the leaves may be regarded as potential biochemical indicator for earlier selection of salt tolerant peanut and targets for improvement through transgenic approaches.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
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