Abstract
Reduced glutathione (GSH) is considered to exert a strong influence on cellular redox homeostasis and to regulate gene expression, but these processes remain poorly characterized. Severe GSH depletion specifically inhibited root meristem development, while low root GSH levels decreased lateral root densities. The redox potential of the nucleus and cytosol of Arabidopsis thaliana roots determined using roGFP probes was between -300 and -320 mV. Growth in the presence of the GSH-synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) increased the nuclear and cytosolic redox potentials to approximately -260 mV. GSH-responsive genes including transcription factors (SPATULA, MYB15, MYB75), proteins involved in cell division, redox regulation (glutaredoxinS17, thioredoxins, ACHT5 and TH8) and auxin signalling (HECATE), were identified in the GSH-deficient root meristemless 1-1 (rml1-1) mutant, and in other GSH-synthesis mutants (rax1-1, cad2-1, pad2-1) as well as in the wild type following the addition of BSO. Inhibition of auxin transport had no effect on organ GSH levels, but exogenous auxin decreased the root GSH pool. We conclude that GSH depletion significantly increases the redox potentials of the nucleus and cytosol, and causes arrest of the cell cycle in roots but not shoots, with accompanying transcript changes linked to altered hormone responses, but not oxidative stress.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Severe GSH depletion inhibited root meristem development.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Treatment
- Severe GSH depletione0
- Outcome
- root meristem developmente0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Severe GSH depletion specifically inhibited root meristem development”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Low root GSH levels decreased lateral root densities.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Compound
- GSHe0
- Outcome
- lateral root densitiese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low root GSH levels decreased lateral root densities”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis root nuclear and cytosolic redox potential was between -300 and -320 mV.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- redox potential of the nucleus and cytosole0
- Value
- between -300 and -320 mVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The redox potential of the nucleus and cytosol of Arabidopsis thaliana roots determined using roGFP probes was between -300 and -320 mV”
Claim · model-written summary
BSO increased nuclear and cytosolic redox potentials to approximately -260 mV.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- buthionine sulfoximine (BSO)e0
- Outcome
- nuclear and cytosolic redox potentialse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- approximately -260 mVe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth in the presence of the GSH-synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) increased the nuclear and cytosolic redox potentials to approximately -260 mV”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH-responsive genes were identified across GSH-deficient mutants and BSO-treated wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- root meristemless 1-1 (rml1-1) mutante0
- Outcome
- GSH-responsive genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GSH-responsive genes including transcription factors (SPATULA, MYB15, MYB75), proteins involved in cell division, redox regulation (glutaredoxinS17, thioredoxins, ACHT5 and TH8) and auxin signalling (HECATE), were identified in the GSH-deficient root meristemless 1-1 (rml1-1) mutant, and in other GSH-synthesis mutants (rax1-1, cad2-1, pad2-1) as well as in the wild type following the addition of BSO”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibition of auxin transport had no effect on organ GSH levels.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Inhibition of auxin transporte0
- Outcome
- organ GSH levelse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of auxin transport had no effect on organ GSH levels”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous auxin decreased the root GSH pool.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- exogenous auxine0
- Outcome
- root GSH poole0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous auxin decreased the root GSH pool”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH depletion arrested the cell cycle in roots but not shoots.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- GSH depletione0
- Outcome
- arrest of the cell cycle in rootse0
- Comparator
- shootse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GSH depletion significantly increases the redox potentials of the nucleus and cytosol, and causes arrest of the cell cycle in roots but not shoots”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcript changes accompanying GSH depletion were linked to altered hormone responses but not oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Compound
- hormonee0
- Outcome
- transcript changese0
- Qualifier
- altered hormone responses, but not oxidative stresse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with accompanying transcript changes linked to altered hormone responses, but not oxidative stress”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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