Abstract
4 Abstract: Co-inoculation with symbiotic microorganisms to create a successful system of biological nitrogen fixation in a non-legumes crop can lead to many profits for plant. The aim of this work was to evaluate the single and co-inoculation effects of Azospirillum basilense (native or Sp7) and Rhizobium meliloti (native or DSMZ 30135) plus 2,4-D on grain yield and the total N, P and K content of the grain. The results indicated that co-inoculation of wheat seeds with A. brasilense and R. meliloti had positive and significant effects on the grain yield and N, P and K content of the wheat grains in compared to either single inoculation or control plants. In overall, the average grain yield was increased to 53.8% of co-inoculation plants with a mixture of A. brasilense and R. meliloti compared to the control plants. This was due to increasing number of grains (26%) and grain weight per plant (22%) in co-inoculated plants. The results showed that single inoculation with Azospirillum produced significantly higher grain yield by 29% and the grains contain more N (22.8%), P (59.5%) and K (34%) compared to the control plants. Simultaneously, co-inoculation increased the mentioned parameters by 53.8, 52, 114 and 82%, respectively compared to the control Therefore, the effect of either the single or dual inoculation of wheat with A. brasilense and R. meliloti could result higher grain yield with better quality. However the effect of single and/or co-inoculation on plant growth parameters varies depending on the strain of A. brasilense (Sp7 and native), wheat cultivars and selected of co-inoculants (type of mixed strains). The highest grain yield and also N, P and K in grain were observed in combination of the local strains (native A. brasilense and native R. meliloti) when concentration of 10 cfu ml and 10 cfu ml 71 3 1 were used respectively for the strains plus 2 ppm of 2,4-D.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increased wheat grain yield by 53.8% over controls.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- co-inoculatione0
- Interactor
- A. brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee0symbiont - Second interactor
- R. meliloti
Sinorhizobium melilotie0symbiont - Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 53.8%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e0“In overall, the average grain yield was increased to 53.8% of co-inoculation plants with a mixture of A. brasilense and R. meliloti compared to the control plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increased grain number by 26%.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- co-inoculated plantse0
- Outcome
- number of grainse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 26%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e0“This was due to increasing number of grains (26%) and grain weight per plant (22%) in co-inoculated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increased grain weight per plant by 22%.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- co-inoculated plantse0
- Outcome
- grain weight per plante0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e0“This was due to increasing number of grains (26%) and grain weight per plant (22%) in co-inoculated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Single Azospirillum inoculation increased grain yield by 29%.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- single inoculation with Azospirillume0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum
Azospirillume0symbiont - Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 29%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e0“single inoculation with Azospirillum produced significantly higher grain yield by 29% and the grains contain more N (22.8%), P (59.5%) and K (34%) compared to the control plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Single Azospirillum inoculation increased grain N by 22.8%.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- single inoculation with Azospirillume0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 22.8%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e0“single inoculation with Azospirillum produced significantly higher grain yield by 29% and the grains contain more N (22.8%), P (59.5%) and K (34%) compared to the control plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Single Azospirillum inoculation increased grain P by 59.5%.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- single inoculation with Azospirillume0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 59.5%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e0“single inoculation with Azospirillum produced significantly higher grain yield by 29% and the grains contain more N (22.8%), P (59.5%) and K (34%) compared to the control plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Single Azospirillum inoculation increased grain K by 34%.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- single inoculation with Azospirillume0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 34%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e0“single inoculation with Azospirillum produced significantly higher grain yield by 29% and the grains contain more N (22.8%), P (59.5%) and K (34%) compared to the control plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increased grain N by 52% over controls.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- co-inoculatione0
- Outcome
- mentioned parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 52e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e0“co-inoculation increased the mentioned parameters by 53.8, 52, 114 and 82%, respectively compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increased grain P by 114% over controls.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- co-inoculatione0
- Outcome
- mentioned parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 114e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e0“co-inoculation increased the mentioned parameters by 53.8, 52, 114 and 82%, respectively compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increased grain K by 82% over controls.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- co-inoculatione0
- Outcome
- mentioned parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 82%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e0“co-inoculation increased the mentioned parameters by 53.8, 52, 114 and 82%, respectively compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation effects varied with bacterial strain, wheat cultivar and co-inoculant.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- single and/or co-inoculatione0
- Outcome
- plant growth parameterse0
- Qualifier
- varies depending on the strain of A. brasilense (Sp7 and native), wheat cultivars and selected of co-inoculantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e0“the effect of single and/or co-inoculation on plant growth parameters varies depending on the strain of A. brasilense (Sp7 and native), wheat cultivars and selected of co-inoculants (type of mixed strains).”
Claim · model-written summary
Local strain combination with 2,4-D gave the highest grain yield and N, P and K.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combination of the local strains (native A. brasilense and native R. meliloti)e0
- Interactor
- native A. brasilensee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- native R. melilotie0symbiont
- Outcome
- highest grain yield and also N, P and K in graine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e0“The highest grain yield and also N, P and K in grain were observed in combination of the local strains (native A. brasilense and native R. meliloti) when concentration of 10 cfu ml and 10 cfu ml 71 3 1 were used respectively for the strains plus 2 ppm of 2,4-D.”
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