Abstract
The impact of elevated ozone concentrations on early ontogenetic stages of pine (Pinus sylvestris) and spruce (Picea abies, Picea obovata, P. abies x P. obovata) seedlings originating from different provenances in Russia were studied in the open-field ozone fumigation system located in Kuopio, Finland, over a span of 2 y. The AOT40 value (accumulated ozone dose over the threshold 40 ppb during daylight hours) was 11 ppm hr per growing season, which was 1.4 times higher than the ambient air concentration. The plants were measured for germination rate; shoot increment; needle length; and dry mass of needles, shoots, and roots. Significant differences between pine and spruce provenance response to ozone were found in all parameters. Ozone stress immediately reduced the germination rate of Northern pine provenances, whereas biomass reductions became evident during the second year of the exposure in all pine provenances. Spruce species were more tolerant to elevated ozone concentrations. Our results indicate that seedling development is vulnerable to increasing ozone concentrations and that attention must be paid to the provenance selection.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Pine and spruce provenance responses to ozone differed significantly in germination and shoot increment.
PinusNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plants were measured for germination rate; shoot increment; needle length; and dry mass of needles, shoots, and roots. Significant differences between pine and spruce provenance response to ozone were found in all parameters.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pine and spruce provenance responses to ozone differed significantly in needle length and dry mass.
PiceaNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plants were measured for germination rate; shoot increment; needle length; and dry mass of needles, shoots, and roots. Significant differences between pine and spruce provenance response to ozone were found in all parameters.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone immediately reduced germination of Northern pine provenances.
- Material
- Northern pine provenancese0
- Treatment
- Ozone stresse0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ozone stress immediately reduced the germination rate of Northern pine provenances”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass reductions appeared in all pine provenances during the second ozone exposure year.
- Treatment
- Ozone stresse0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Qualifier
- during the second year of the exposuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ozone stress immediately reduced the germination rate of Northern pine provenances, whereas biomass reductions became evident during the second year of the exposure in all pine provenances.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spruce was more tolerant to elevated ozone.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spruce species were more tolerant to elevated ozone concentrations.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude pine seedling development is vulnerable to increasing ozone.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestrist0 - Treatment
- increasing ozone concentrationse0
- Outcome
- seedling development is vulnerablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results indicate that seedling development is vulnerable to increasing ozone concentrations”
t0“Pinus sylvestris”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend attention to provenance selection.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrist0
- Outcome
- provenance selectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“attention must be paid to the provenance selection”
t0“Pinus sylvestris”
The same questions in other papers
ozone · growth · PinusResults differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.