Abstract
The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of nitrate and salt as limiting factors for the recycling of nutrient solutions in a hydroponic system. A broad bean (V. faba) and two chickpea( C. arietinum) cultivars (desi early) and kabuli (late flowering) type), were subjected in a factorial designed experiment to three levels of nitrate, and NaCl in the nutrient solution. The treatments were administered in a recycled nutrient solution. In the hydro ponics system employed recycled nutrient solution was supplied freshly every 45 minutes. Nutrient solutions were fully refreshed every 2 weeks or when the initial volume declined by about 10 % due to transpiration. Increasing nitrate levels increased the vegetative yield of both chickpea cultivars in each salt level. Salt always decreased chickpea yields. At only 12 mM NaCl in the nutrient solution seed yield of the kabuli type was reduced by a factor of 8 while in the desi type yield was reduced only by a factor of about 2 to 3. Increasing nitrate in the solution counteracted the salt effect on both vegetative and seed production by up to a factor of 3. In contrast to chickpea the vegetative and seed yield of broad bean was less sensitive to salinity. The distribution of mineral nutri ents between leaves and stems was depending on the nitrate and NaCl concentration in the nutrient: Phosphorus and manganese accumulated in the leaves relative to the stem with increasing nitrate supply but magnesium and sodium accumulated more in stems than in leaves. In con trast increasing salt in the solution decreased magnesium and calcium in the leaves relatively to the stems. Increas ing nitrate or salt in the solution decreased the number of live nodules on broad bean roots. Increasing nitrate con centration in the solution decreased molybdenum and phosphorus content and uptake in both legumes. The strongest effect in the experiment was observed with nitrate on molybdenum concentration and total uptake, which was reduced due to increasing nitrate supply by a factor of five. The proposed explanation for these results is that the increase in the rhizosphere pH due to nitrate uptake reduced the concentration of the species H2MoO4 (pK1=4.2) and H2PO4 - (pK1=7.2) close to the root sur
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrate increased vegetative yield in both chickpea cultivars at every salt level.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Treatment
- Increasing nitrate levelse0
- Outcome
- vegetative yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- in each salt levele0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing nitrate levels increased the vegetative yield of both chickpea cultivars in each salt level.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt decreased chickpea yields.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Salte0
- Outcome
- chickpea yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt always decreased chickpea yields.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 12 mM NaCl kabuli chickpea seed yield fell eightfold.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- kabuli typee0
- Treatment
- 12 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- a factor of 8e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At only 12 mM NaCl in the nutrient solution seed yield of the kabuli type was reduced by a factor of 8”
t0“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 12 mM NaCl desi chickpea seed yield fell about two to threefold.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- desi typee0
- Treatment
- 12 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- a factor of about 2 to 3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At only 12 mM NaCl in the nutrient solution seed yield of the kabuli type was reduced by a factor of 8 while in the desi type yield was reduced only by a factor of about 2 to 3.”
t0“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrate counteracted the salt effect on vegetative and seed production by up to threefold.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Increasing nitratee0
- Outcome
- vegetative and seed productione0
- Direction
- counteractede0
- Value
- up to a factor of 3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing nitrate in the solution counteracted the salt effect on both vegetative and seed production by up to a factor of 3.”
e1“chickpea( C. arietinum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Broad bean vegetative and seed yields were less sensitive to salinity than chickpea yields.
- Taxon
- broad bean
Vicia fabae0 - Outcome
- vegetative and seed yielde0
- Direction
- less sensitivee0
- Comparator
- chickpeae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast to chickpea the vegetative and seed yield of broad bean was less sensitive to salinity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrate shifted phosphorus and manganese accumulation toward leaves relative to stems.
- Taxon
- broad beanVicia fabat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- increasing nitrate supplye0
- Outcome
- Phosphorus and manganese accumulated in the leavese0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
- Comparator
- the steme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus and manganese accumulated in the leaves relative to the stem with increasing nitrate supply”
t0“broad bean (Vicia faba L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium and sodium accumulated more in stems than leaves under the reported mineral distribution comparison.
- Taxon
- broad beanVicia fabat0
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Outcome
- magnesium and sodiume0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“magnesium and sodium accumulated more in stems than in leaves”
t0“broad bean (Vicia faba L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salt reduced magnesium and calcium in leaves relative to stems.
- Taxon
- broad beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- increasing salte0
- Outcome
- magnesium and calcium in the leavese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- the stemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing salt in the solution decreased magnesium and calcium in the leaves relatively to the stems”
t0“broad bean (Vicia faba L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrate reduced the number of live nodules on broad bean roots.
- Taxon
- broad beanVicia fabae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Increasing nitratee0
- Outcome
- number of live nodulese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing nitrate or salt in the solution decreased the number of live nodules on broad bean roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salt reduced the number of live nodules on broad bean roots.
- Taxon
- broad beanVicia fabae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- salte0
- Outcome
- number of live nodulese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing nitrate or salt in the solution decreased the number of live nodules on broad bean roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrate decreased molybdenum and phosphorus content and uptake in both legumes.
- Taxon
- broad beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Increasing nitrate con centratione0
- Outcome
- molybdenum and phosphorus content and uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing nitrate con centration in the solution decreased molybdenum and phosphorus content and uptake in both legumes.”
t0“broad bean (Vicia faba L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrate reduced molybdenum concentration and total uptake fivefold.
- Taxon
- broad beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- increasing nitrate supplye0
- Outcome
- molybdenum concentration and total uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- a factor of fivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“molybdenum concentration and total uptake, which was reduced due to increasing nitrate supply by a factor of five.”
t0“broad bean (Vicia faba L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
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