Abstract
The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) as mixture of Glomus spp. was used to induce resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris against root rot disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Results showed that % disease incidence was significantly reduced in AM-inoculated plants as compared with infected and AM-free control. Production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and level of lipid peroxidation increased in both roots and shoots bean plants with increasing the time of infection. AM fungi markedly alleviated oxidative stress in infected bean plants, thus, levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation was markedly reduced. Also, activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) significantly increased in bean tissues in response to both R.solani and/or AM fungus. The highest enzyme activity was recorded in shoots of 14 days old plants inoculated with AM fungi. Total phenolic compounds and various phenolic acids especially cinnamic and ferulic acids greatly increased in roots of bean plants infected with R.solani and/or inoculated with AM fungi. However, coumarin was found only in AM-treated plants. But quercetin markedly increased in bean roots infected by R.solani and decreased in AM-treated plants, as compared with non-infected control. Finally, activity of lignification enzymes (polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalanine-ammonia lyase) increased in all infected plants. Our results indicate that AM fungi increased resistance in infected bean plants by inducing both antioxidant system and phenolic compounds pathway.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Root rot disease incidence in bean was significantly reduced in AM-inoculated plants compared with infected and AM-free control plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- AM-inoculatede1
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- % disease incidencee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- infected and AM-free controle1
GlomusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) as mixture of Glomus spp. was used to induce resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris against root rot disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani”
e1“% disease incidence was significantly reduced in AM-inoculated plants as compared with infected and AM-free control”
Claim · model-written summary
Production of hydrogen peroxide and the level of lipid peroxidation increased in both roots and shoots of bean plants as the time of infection increased.
- Taxon
- beane1
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse1
- Treatment
- time of infectione1
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- Production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and level of lipid peroxidatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) as mixture of Glomus spp. was used to induce resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris against root rot disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani”
e1“Production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and level of lipid peroxidation increased in both roots and shoots bean plants with increasing the time of infection”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungi alleviated oxidative stress in infected bean plants, markedly reducing levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- beane1
- Treatment
- AM fungie1
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae1symbiont
- Outcome
- levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“AM fungi markedly alleviated oxidative stress in infected bean plants, thus, levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation was markedly reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase significantly increased in bean tissues in response to R. solani and/or AM fungus.
- Taxon
- beane1
- Treatment
- R.solani and/or AM funguse1
- Interactor
- R.solaniRhizoctonia solanie1pathogen
- Second interactor
- AM funguse1symbiont
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) significantly increased in bean tissues in response to both R.solani and/or AM fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest enzyme activity was recorded in shoots of 14 days old bean plants inoculated with AM fungi.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- shoots of 14 days old plantse1
- Treatment
- inoculated with AM fungie1
- Outcome
- highest enzyme activitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) as mixture of Glomus spp. was used to induce resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris against root rot disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani”
e1“The highest enzyme activity was recorded in shoots of 14 days old plants inoculated with AM fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenolic compounds and phenolic acids, especially cinnamic and ferulic acids, greatly increased in roots of bean plants infected with R. solani and/or inoculated with AM fungi.
- Taxon
- beane1
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- infected with R.solani and/or inoculated with AM fungie1
- Interactor
- R.solaniRhizoctonia solanie1pathogen
- Second interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae1symbiont
- Outcome
- Total phenolic compounds and various phenolic acids especially cinnamic and ferulic acidse1
- Direction
- greatly increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Total phenolic compounds and various phenolic acids especially cinnamic and ferulic acids greatly increased in roots of bean plants infected with R.solani and/or inoculated with AM fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Coumarin was found only in AM-treated bean plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- AM-treated plantse1
- Outcome
- coumarin was found onlye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) as mixture of Glomus spp. was used to induce resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris against root rot disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani”
e1“coumarin was found only in AM-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Quercetin markedly increased in bean roots infected by R. solani compared with the non-infected control.
- Taxon
- beane1
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- infected by R.solanie1
- Interactor
- R.solaniRhizoctonia solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- quercetine1
- Direction
- markedly increasede1
- Comparator
- non-infected controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“quercetin markedly increased in bean roots infected by R.solani and decreased in AM-treated plants, as compared with non-infected control”
Claim · model-written summary
Quercetin decreased in AM-treated bean plants compared with the non-infected control.
Verbatim
e1“quercetin markedly increased in bean roots infected by R.solani and decreased in AM-treated plants, as compared with non-infected control”
Claim · model-written summary
Activities of the lignification enzymes polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalanine-ammonia lyase increased in all infected bean plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- infectede1
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- activity of lignification enzymes (polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalanine-ammonia lyase)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) as mixture of Glomus spp. was used to induce resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris against root rot disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani”
e1“activity of lignification enzymes (polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalanine-ammonia lyase) increased in all infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that AM fungi increased resistance in infected bean plants by inducing both the antioxidant system and the phenolic compounds pathway.
Verbatim
e1“AM fungi increased resistance in infected bean plants by inducing both antioxidant system and phenolic compounds pathway”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · Rhizoctonia solani · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
mycorrhiza · Glomeromycota · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.