Abstract
Elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), a consequence of anthropogenic global climate change, can have profound effects on the interactions between crop plants and insect pests and may promote yet another form of global change —the rapid establishment of invasive species. Elevated CO 2 increased the susceptibility of soybean plants grown under field conditions to the invasive Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) and to a variant of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) resistant to crop rotation by down-regulating gene expression related to defense signaling (lox7, lox8, and acc-s). The down-regulation of these genes in turn reduced the production of cysteine proteinase inhibitors (CystPI), specific deterrents to coleopteran herbivores. Beetle herbivory increased CystPI activity to a greater degree in plants grown under ambient CO 2 than under elevated CO 2 . Gut cysteine proteinase activity was higher in beetles consuming foliage of soybeans grown under elevated CO 2 than in beetles consuming soybeans grown in ambient CO 2 , consistent with enhanced growth and development of these beetles on plants grown in elevated CO 2 . These findings suggest that predicted increases in soybean productivity under projected elevated CO 2 levels may be reduced by increased susceptibility to invasive crop pests.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased susceptibility of field-grown soybean to the invasive Japanese beetle.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e1
- Interactor
- Popillia japonica
Popillia japonicae1pest - Outcome
- susceptibilitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- field conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO 2 increased the susceptibility of soybean plants grown under field conditions to the invasive Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) and to a variant of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) resistant to crop rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased susceptibility of field-grown soybean to a variant of western corn rootworm resistant to crop rotation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e1
- Interactor
- Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
Diabrotica virgifera virgiferae1pest - Outcome
- susceptibilitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- field conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO 2 increased the susceptibility of soybean plants grown under field conditions to the invasive Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) and to a variant of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) resistant to crop rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 down-regulated defense-signaling gene expression (lox7, lox8, acc-s) in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e1
- Gene
- lox7, lox8, and acc-se2
- Outcome
- gene expression related to defense signalinge2
- Direction
- down-regulatinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO 2 increased the susceptibility of soybean plants grown under field conditions to the invasive Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) and to a variant of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) resistant to crop rotation”
e2“by down-regulating gene expression related to defense signaling (lox7, lox8, and acc-s)”
Claim · model-written summary
Down-regulation of these genes reduced production of cysteine proteinase inhibitors in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- production of cysteine proteinase inhibitors (CystPI)e3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- down-regulation of these genese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO 2 increased the susceptibility of soybean plants grown under field conditions to the invasive Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) and to a variant of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) resistant to crop rotation”
e3“The down-regulation of these genes in turn reduced the production of cysteine proteinase inhibitors (CystPI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Beetle herbivory increased CystPI activity more in soybean grown under ambient CO2 than under elevated CO2.
Verbatim
e4“Beetle herbivory increased CystPI activity to a greater degree in plants grown under ambient CO 2 than under elevated CO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Gut cysteine proteinase activity of beetles was higher on soybeans grown under elevated CO2 than on soybeans grown in ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- soybeans grown under elevated CO 2e5
- Interactor
- beetlesColeopterae5herbivore
- Outcome
- Gut cysteine proteinase activitye5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- soybeans grown in ambient CO 2e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Gut cysteine proteinase activity was higher in beetles consuming foliage of soybeans grown under elevated CO 2 than in beetles consuming soybeans grown in ambient CO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth and development of beetles on soybean grown in elevated CO2 were enhanced.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- plants grown in elevated CO 2e6
- Interactor
- beetlesColeopterae6herbivore
- Outcome
- growth and development of these beetlese6
- Direction
- enhancede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO 2 increased the susceptibility of soybean plants grown under field conditions to the invasive Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) and to a variant of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) resistant to crop rotation”
e6“consistent with enhanced growth and development of these beetles on plants grown in elevated CO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted soybean productivity gains under projected elevated CO2 may be reduced by increased pest susceptibility.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe7
- Treatment
- projected elevated CO 2 levelse7
- Outcome
- soybean productivitye7
- Direction
- may be reducede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“predicted increases in soybean productivity under projected elevated CO 2 levels may be reduced by increased susceptibility to invasive crop pests”
The same questions in other papers
grazing · molecular: metabolites · Viridiplantae (plants)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
co2 · molecular: expression · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →co2 · Popillia japonica · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.