Abstract
Three experiments were conducted at two locations, two at Summerland, British Columbia, Canada and one at Corvallis, Ore., to evaluate synthetic auxins (MCPB-ethyl or NAA) and ethephon as blossom thinners for `Fuji' apple [ Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.]. These experiments also involved application of carbaryl at 1000 mg·L -1 in the postbloom period. All blossom thinners were sprayed at 85% full bloom while carbaryl was applied at 11-mm fruit diameter. Within these experiments, MCPB-ethyl at up to 20 mg·L -1 or NAA at up to 21 mg·L -1 increased whole flower cluster removal linearly with rate; however, with the Corvallis experiment MCPB-ethyl failed to result in any thinning. Neither auxin treatment consistently reduced fruit set on the remaining clusters, resulting in “clustering”. Bloom-time application of ethephon at 100 mg·L -1 with NAA further reduced crop load. Carbaryl reduced total crop load by increasing both whole cluster removal and number of sites with a single fruit. Return flowering was not improved by the auxin treatments except where there was very excessive crop reduction. Ethephon or carbaryl promoted return flowering with the carbaryl effect being more pronounced. However, this carbaryl effect was significantly countered by the bloom-time auxin whereas ethephon overcame the negative effects of the auxin treatments. The combined use of ethephon and carbaryl was effective in terms of both crop reduction and return flowering benefits. Chemical names used: 1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate (carbaryl); 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon); ethyl 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) butanoate (MCPB-ethyl); and 2-(1-naphthyl) acetic acid (NAA).
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
MCPB-ethyl increased whole flower cluster removal with rate up to 20 mg per liter.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- MCPB-ethyl at up to 20 mg·L -1e0
- Outcome
- whole flower cluster removale0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MCPB-ethyl at up to 20 mg·L -1 or NAA at up to 21 mg·L -1 increased whole flower cluster removal linearly with rate”
t0“Apple Blossoms”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA increased whole flower cluster removal with rate up to 21 mg per liter.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- NAA at up to 21 mg·L -1e0
- Outcome
- whole flower cluster removale0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MCPB-ethyl at up to 20 mg·L -1 or NAA at up to 21 mg·L -1 increased whole flower cluster removal linearly with rate”
t0“Apple Blossoms”
Claim · model-written summary
MCPB-ethyl did not thin apple blossoms in the Corvallis experiment.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- MCPB-ethyle0
- Outcome
- thinninge0
- Direction
- failed to result in anye0
- Setting
- Corvallise0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the Corvallis experiment MCPB-ethyl failed to result in any thinning”
t0“Apple Blossoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin treatments did not consistently reduce fruit set on remaining clusters.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- auxin treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruit set on the remaining clusterse0
- Direction
- Neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither auxin treatment consistently reduced fruit set on the remaining clusters, resulting in “clustering””
t0“Apple Blossoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon with NAA further reduced crop load.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephon at 100 mg·L -1 with NAAe0
- Outcome
- crop loade0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bloom-time application of ethephon at 100 mg·L -1 with NAA further reduced crop load”
t0“Apple Blossoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbaryl reduced crop load by increasing whole cluster removal and single-fruit sites.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Carbaryle0
- Outcome
- total crop loade0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- increasing both whole cluster removal and number of sites with a single fruite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbaryl reduced total crop load by increasing both whole cluster removal and number of sites with a single fruit”
t0“Apple Blossoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin treatments generally did not improve return flowering except with excessive crop reduction.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- auxin treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Return floweringe0
- Direction
- not improvede0
- Qualifier
- except where there was very excessive crop reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Return flowering was not improved by the auxin treatments except where there was very excessive crop reduction”
t0“Apple Blossoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon promoted return flowering.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- return floweringe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon or carbaryl promoted return flowering with the carbaryl effect being more pronounced”
t0“Apple Blossoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbaryl promoted return flowering more strongly than ethephon.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- carbaryle0
- Outcome
- return floweringe0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- Ethephone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon or carbaryl promoted return flowering with the carbaryl effect being more pronounced”
t0“Apple Blossoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Bloom-time auxin countered carbaryl promotion of return flowering.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- bloom-time auxine0
- Outcome
- carbaryl effecte0
- Direction
- counterede0
- Comparator
- carbaryle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this carbaryl effect was significantly countered by the bloom-time auxin”
t0“Apple Blossoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon overcame negative auxin effects.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- negative effectse0
- Direction
- overcamee0
- Comparator
- auxin treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethephon overcame the negative effects of the auxin treatments”
t0“Apple Blossoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined ethephon and carbaryl reduced crop load.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephon and carbaryle0
- Outcome
- crop reductione0
- Direction
- effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined use of ethephon and carbaryl was effective in terms of both crop reduction and return flowering benefits”
t0“Apple Blossoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined ethephon and carbaryl benefited return flowering.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephon and carbaryle0
- Outcome
- return flowering benefitse0
- Direction
- effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined use of ethephon and carbaryl was effective in terms of both crop reduction and return flowering benefits”
t0“Apple Blossoms”
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