Abstract
Drought is a major limiting factor affecting rice yield and productivity all over the world, including Malaysia. To induce drought resistance, there is an increasing interest in using different phytohormones for field crop production considering its efficiency, feasibility, cost and labour-effectiveness. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate effectiveness of five different phytohormone treatments as Vita-Grow Plus (commercial phytohormones product), epibrassinolide, spermine, pyroligneous acid and without any of those or control including three times of application (single spray at 35 days after sowing, DAS; double spray at 35 and 55 DAS and triple spray at 35, 55 and 85 DAS) on growth and yield parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Drought stress was exposed by regulating irrigation schedule. It was observed that all applied growth regulators have more or less progressive effect on rice growth and productivity. Both epibrassinolide and spermine application caused highest grain filling and spermine application highest (66.4%) grain yield. Considering yield components and grain yield, double spray of phytohormones was best. Therefore, two times spray (35 and 55 DAS) of spermine could be suggested for rice cultivation in the drought affected areas of Malaysia or other areas in the tropical region with similar ecologies.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher.
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Spermine application gave the highest grain yield of rice under drought stress (66.4%).
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- spermine applicatione3
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 66.4%e3
- Comparator
- controle4
- Setting
- greenhousee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress”
e3“spermine application highest (66.4%) grain yield”
e4“without any of those or control”
e7“A greenhouse experiment was conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
Epibrassinolide application gave the highest grain filling in rice under drought stress.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- epibrassinolidee2
- Outcome
- grain fillinge2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress”
e2“Both epibrassinolide and spermine application caused highest grain filling”
e4“without any of those or control”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermine application gave the highest grain filling in rice under drought stress.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- sperminee2
- Outcome
- grain fillinge2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress”
e2“Both epibrassinolide and spermine application caused highest grain filling”
e4“without any of those or control”
Claim · model-written summary
All applied growth regulators had a more or less progressive (increasing) effect on rice growth and productivity under drought stress.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- applied growth regulatorse1
- Outcome
- rice growth and productivitye1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress”
e1“all applied growth regulators have more or less progressive effect on rice growth and productivity”
e4“without any of those or control”
Claim · model-written summary
Double spray of phytohormones was best for yield components and grain yield of rice.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- double spray of phytohormonese5
- Outcome
- yield components and grain yielde5
- Direction
- beste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress”
e5“Considering yield components and grain yield, double spray of phytohormones was best”
Claim · model-written summary
Two sprays of spermine at 35 and 55 days after sowing are suggested for rice cultivation in drought-affected areas.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Outcome
- two times spray (35 and 55 DAS) of sperminee6
- Setting
- drought affected areas of Malaysiae6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress”
e6“two times spray (35 and 55 DAS) of spermine could be suggested for rice cultivation in the drought affected areas of Malaysia”
The same questions in other papers
24-epi-brassinolide · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →spermine · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →class · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
38 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
43 papers more in this group
See all 47 papers →application · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
644 papers in the same direction as this paper · 37 in the opposite direction · 9 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
687 papers more in this group
See all 691 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.