Abstract
High soil temperature and low water potential is one of major impediment of reduced and delayed germination of spring maize under delayed planting.Seed priming helps to ameliorate the seedling establishment under both normal and less than optimal conditions but very few studies available highlight maize crop establishment improvement by seed priming on physiological basis under field conditions.The present field study evaluated the effects of various seed priming techniques on stand establishment, growth, yield and various physiological attributes of spring maize under normal and late sown conditions.The hybrid maize seed soaked with hydro-priming (water), osmopriming with CaCl 2 (Ψs= -1.25 MPa), moringa leaf extract (MLE; 1:30) and salicylic acid (SA; 50 mg L -1 ) were grown under two sowing dates (optimum and late conditions).Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priming were taken as controls.Among priming treatments, osmopriming with CaCl 2 reduced the time to 50% emergence (E 50 ), mean emergence time (MET), enhanced number of grains per cob, biological yield and improved relative water contents with reduced cell membrane permeability including grain protein contents.Osmopriming with moringa leaf extract (MLE) improved emergence time (EI), Chl a and b contents, grain yield and harvest index (HI) including hormonal priming with SA for maximum HI.Nevertheless, hydro-primed seeds exhibited the minimum days to maturity.The present study suggests that seed osmopriming with MLE and CaCl 2 are effective not only to improve seedling establishment but also yield performance of spring maize through physiological improvement under both optimal and late sown conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Osmopriming with CaCl2 reduced the time to 50% emergence and the mean emergence time of spring maize relative to the controls.
- Treatment
- osmopriming with CaCl 2e2
- Outcome
- time to 50% emergencee2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priminge1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Maize (Zea mays)”
e1“Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priming were taken as controls”
e2“osmopriming with CaCl 2 reduced the time to 50% emergence (E 50 ), mean emergence time (MET)”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmopriming with CaCl2 enhanced the number of grains per cob and biological yield of spring maize relative to the controls.
- Treatment
- osmopriming with CaCl 2e2
- Outcome
- number of grains per cob, biological yielde2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Comparator
- Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priminge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Maize (Zea mays)”
e1“Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priming were taken as controls”
e2“osmopriming with CaCl 2 reduced the time to 50% emergence (E 50 ), mean emergence time (MET), enhanced number of grains per cob, biological yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmopriming with CaCl2 improved the relative water contents of spring maize relative to the controls.
- Treatment
- osmopriming with CaCl 2e0
- Outcome
- relative water contentse2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Comparator
- Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priminge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Maize (Zea mays)”
e1“Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priming were taken as controls”
e0“Among priming treatments, osmopriming with CaCl 2”
e2“improved relative water contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmopriming with CaCl2 reduced cell membrane permeability in spring maize relative to the controls.
- Treatment
- osmopriming with CaCl 2e0
- Outcome
- cell membrane permeabilitye2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priminge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Maize (Zea mays)”
e1“Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priming were taken as controls”
e0“Among priming treatments, osmopriming with CaCl 2”
e2“reduced cell membrane permeability”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmopriming with CaCl2 also affected grain protein contents of spring maize; the direction is not stated.
- Treatment
- osmopriming with CaCl 2e0
- Outcome
- grain protein contentse2
- Comparator
- Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priminge1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Maize (Zea mays)”
e1“Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priming were taken as controls”
e0“Among priming treatments, osmopriming with CaCl 2”
e2“including grain protein contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmopriming with moringa leaf extract improved emergence time of spring maize relative to the controls.
- Treatment
- Osmopriming with moringa leaf extract (MLE)e2
- Outcome
- emergence timee2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Comparator
- Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priminge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Maize (Zea mays)”
e1“Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priming were taken as controls”
e2“Osmopriming with moringa leaf extract (MLE) improved emergence time (EI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmopriming with moringa leaf extract improved chlorophyll a and b contents of spring maize relative to the controls.
- Treatment
- Osmopriming with moringa leaf extract (MLE)e2
- Outcome
- Chl a and b contentse2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Comparator
- Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priminge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Maize (Zea mays)”
e1“Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priming were taken as controls”
e2“Osmopriming with moringa leaf extract (MLE) improved emergence time (EI), Chl a and b contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmopriming with moringa leaf extract improved grain yield and harvest index of spring maize relative to the controls.
- Treatment
- Osmopriming with moringa leaf extract (MLE)e2
- Outcome
- grain yield and harvest indexe2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Comparator
- Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priminge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Maize (Zea mays)”
e1“Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priming were taken as controls”
e2“Osmopriming with moringa leaf extract (MLE) improved emergence time (EI), Chl a and b contents, grain yield and harvest index (HI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hormonal priming with salicylic acid gave the maximum harvest index in spring maize.
- Treatment
- hormonal priming with SAe2
- Outcome
- HIe2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Comparator
- Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priminge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Maize (Zea mays)”
e1“Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priming were taken as controls”
e2“hormonal priming with SA for maximum HI”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydro-primed seeds of spring maize exhibited the minimum days to maturity.
- Treatment
- hydro-primed seedse2
- Outcome
- days to maturitye2
- Direction
- minimume2
- Comparator
- Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priminge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Maize (Zea mays)”
e1“Hydro-priming and dry seeds without priming were taken as controls”
e2“hydro-primed seeds exhibited the minimum days to maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed osmopriming with MLE and CaCl2 is recommended to improve seedling establishment and yield of spring maize under optimal and late sown conditions.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Maize (Zea mays)”
e2“seed osmopriming with MLE and CaCl 2 are effective not only to improve seedling establishment but also yield performance of spring maize”
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See all 267 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.