Abstract
Male sterility induced by a chemical hybridization agent (CHA) is an important tool for utilizing crop heterosis. Leaves, especially the flag leaves, as CHA initial recipients play a decisive role in inducing male sterility. To investigate effects of different treatment times of CHA-SQ-1 used, morphological, biochemical and physiological responses of wheat flag leaves were detected in this study. CHA induced programmed cell death (PCD) as shown in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) and DNA laddering analysis. In the early phase, CHA-SQ-1 trig-gered organelle changes and PCD in wheat leaves accompanied by excess production of reactive oxygen species (O2 and H2O2) and down-regulation of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD). Meanwhile, leaf cell DNAs showed ladder-like patterns on agarose gel, indicating that CHA-SQ-1 led to the activation of the responsible endonuclease. The oxidative stress assays showed that lipid peroxidation was strongly activated and photosynthesis was obviously inhibited in SQ-1-induced leaves. However, CHA contents in wheat leaves gradually reduced along with the time CHA-SQ-1 applied. Young flags returned to an oxidative/antioxidative balance and ultimately developed into mature green leaves. These results provide explanation of the relations between PCD and anther abortion and practical application of CHA for hybrid breeding.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical hybridization agent induced programmed cell death in wheat flag leaves.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- flag leavest0
- Treatment
- CHAe0
- Outcome
- programmed cell death (PCD)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat flag leaves”
e0“CHA induced programmed cell death (PCD) as shown in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) and DNA laddering analysis”
Claim · model-written summary
Early SQ-1 treatment caused organelle changes in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- CHA-SQ-1e0
- Outcome
- organelle changese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“CHA-SQ-1 trig-gered organelle changes and PCD in wheat leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Early SQ-1 treatment induced programmed cell death in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- CHA-SQ-1e0
- Outcome
- PCDe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“CHA-SQ-1 trig-gered organelle changes and PCD in wheat leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Early SQ-1 treatment increased reactive oxygen species production in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- CHA-SQ-1e0
- Outcome
- production of reactive oxygen species (O2 and H2O2)e0
- Direction
- excesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“CHA-SQ-1 trig-gered organelle changes and PCD in wheat leaves accompanied by excess production of reactive oxygen species (O2 and H2O2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Early SQ-1 treatment down regulated superoxide dismutase, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- CHA-SQ-1e1
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD)e0
- Direction
- down-regulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“down-regulation of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD)”
e1“CHA-SQ-1 trig-gered organelle changes and PCD in wheat leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
SQ-1 treatment produced ladder like wheat leaf DNA patterns, indicating endonuclease activation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CHA-SQ-1e0
- Gene
- endonucleasee0
- Outcome
- activation of the responsible endonucleasee0
- Qualifier
- ladder-like patternse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“leaf cell DNAs showed ladder-like patterns on agarose gel, indicating that CHA-SQ-1 led to the activation of the responsible endonuclease”
Claim · model-written summary
SQ-1 treatment strongly activated lipid peroxidation in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- SQ-1-inducede0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- strongly activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“lipid peroxidation was strongly activated and photosynthesis was obviously inhibited in SQ-1-induced leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
SQ-1 treatment inhibited photosynthesis in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- SQ-1-inducede0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- obviously inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“lipid peroxidation was strongly activated and photosynthesis was obviously inhibited in SQ-1-induced leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical hybridization agent content in wheat leaves declined over time after application.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- CHA contentse0
- Direction
- gradually reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“CHA contents in wheat leaves gradually reduced along with the time CHA-SQ-1 applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Young wheat flag leaves regained oxidative and antioxidative balance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Young flagse0
- Outcome
- oxidative/antioxidative balancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Young flags returned to an oxidative/antioxidative balance”
Claim · model-written summary
Young wheat flag leaves developed into mature green leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Young flagse0
- Outcome
- mature green leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Young flags returned to an oxidative/antioxidative balance and ultimately developed into mature green leaves”
The same questions in other papers
chemical hybridisation agent · cytology · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.