Abstract
Male sterility induced by a chemical hybridization agent（CHA） is an important tool for utilizing crop heterosis. Leaves, especially the flag leaves, as CHA initial recipients play a decisive role in inducing male sterility. To investigate effects of different treatment times of CHA-SQ-1 used, morphological, biochemical and physiological responses of wheat flag leaves were detected in this study. CHA induced programmed cell death（PCD） as shown in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nick end-labelling（TUNEL） and DNA laddering analysis. In the early phase, CHA-SQ-1 triggered organelle changes and PCD in wheat leaves accompanied by excess production of reactive oxygen species（ O-.2and H2O2） and down-regulation of the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（CAT） and guaiacol peroxidase（POD）. Meanwhile, leaf cell DNAs showed ladder-like patterns on agarose gel, indicating that CHA-SQ-1 led to the activation of the responsible endonuclease. The oxidative stress assays showed that lipid peroxidation was strongly activated and photosynthesis was obviously inhibited in SQ-1-induced leaves. However, CHA contents in wheat leaves gradually reduced along with the time CHA-SQ-1 applied. Young flags returned to an oxidative/antioxidative balance and ultimately developed into mature green leaves. These results provide explanation of the relations between PCD and anther abortion and practical application of CHA for hybrid breeding.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
CHA-SQ-1 induced programmed cell death in wheat flag leaves.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- flag leavest0
- Treatment
- chemical hybridization agent SQ-1t0
- Outcome
- programmed cell deathe0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CHA induced programmed cell death（PCD） as shown in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nick end-labelling（TUNEL） and DNA laddering analysis.”
t0“wheat flag leaves induced by chemical hybridization agent SQ-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Early CHA-SQ-1 treatment triggered organelle changes and programmed cell death in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- CHA-SQ-1e0
- Outcome
- organelle changes and PCDe0
- Direction
- triggerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CHA-SQ-1 triggered organelle changes and PCD in wheat leaves”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Early CHA-SQ-1 treatment caused excess reactive oxygen species in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- CHA-SQ-1e1
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen speciese0
- Direction
- excess productione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excess production of reactive oxygen species（ O-.2and H2O2）”
e1“CHA-SQ-1 triggered organelle changes and PCD in wheat leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Early CHA-SQ-1 treatment down-regulated SOD, CAT and POD activities in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- CHA-SQ-1e1
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（CAT） and guaiacol peroxidase（POD）e0
- Direction
- down-regulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“down-regulation of the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（CAT） and guaiacol peroxidase（POD）”
e1“CHA-SQ-1 triggered organelle changes and PCD in wheat leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
CHA-SQ-1 activated an endonuclease, inferred from ladder-like DNA patterns in wheat leaf cells.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CHA-SQ-1e0
- Gene
- endonucleasee0
- Outcome
- activation of the responsible endonucleasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf cell DNAs showed ladder-like patterns on agarose gel, indicating that CHA-SQ-1 led to the activation of the responsible endonuclease”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipid peroxidation was strongly activated in SQ-1-induced wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SQ-1e0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- strongly activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lipid peroxidation was strongly activated and photosynthesis was obviously inhibited in SQ-1-induced leaves”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis was inhibited in SQ-1-induced wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SQ-1e0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- obviously inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthesis was obviously inhibited in SQ-1-induced leaves”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
CHA content in wheat leaves declined with elapsed time after SQ-1 application.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- CHA-SQ-1e0
- Outcome
- CHA contentse0
- Direction
- gradually reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CHA contents in wheat leaves gradually reduced along with the time CHA-SQ-1 applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Young flag leaves returned to oxidative and antioxidative balance and became mature green leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Young flagse0
- Outcome
- oxidative/antioxidative balance and ultimately developed into mature green leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Young flags returned to an oxidative/antioxidative balance and ultimately developed into mature green leaves.”
t0“wheat”
The same questions in other papers
chemical hybridisation agent · cytology · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.