Abstract
Strigolactone (SL), auxin and cytokinin (CK) interact to regulate shoot branching. CK has long been considered to be the only key phytohormone to promote lateral bud outgrowth. Here we report that gibberellin also acts as a positive regulator in the control of shoot branching in the woody plant Jatropha curcas. We show that gibberellin and CK synergistically promote lateral bud outgrowth, and that both hormones influence the expression of putative branching regulators, J. curcas BRANCHED1 and BRANCHED2, which are key transcription factors maintaining bud dormancy. Moreover, treatment with paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of de novo gibberellin biosynthesis, significantly reduced the promotion of bud outgrowth by CK, suggesting that gibberellin is required for CK-mediated axillary bud outgrowth. In addition, SL, a plant hormone involved in the repression of shoot branching, acted antagonistically to both gibberellin and CK in the control of lateral bud outgrowth. Consistent with this, the expression of JcMAX2, a J. curcas homolog of Arabidopsis MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 encoding an F-box protein in the SL signaling pathway, was repressed by gibberellin and CK treatment. We also provide physiological evidence that gibberellin also induces shoot branching in many other trees, such as papaya, indicating that a more complicated regulatory network occurs in the control of shoot branching in some perennial woody plants.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin promotes shoot branching in Jatropha curcas.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas
_tree_at_Samedha.jpg?width=60)
Jatropha curcase0 - Treatment
- gibberelline0
- Outcome
- shoot branchinge0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_tree_at_Samedha.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“gibberellin also acts as a positive regulator in the control of shoot branching in the woody plant Jatropha curcas.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin and CK synergistically promote Jatropha lateral bud outgrowth.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcase1
- Treatment
- gibberellin and CKe0
- Outcome
- lateral bud outgrowthe0
- Direction
- promotee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gibberellin and CK synergistically promote lateral bud outgrowth”
e1“woody plant Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin altered expression of J. curcas BRANCHED1 and BRANCHED2.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcase2
- Treatment
- gibberelline1
- Gene
- J. curcas BRANCHED1 and BRANCHED2e0
- Outcome
- expression of putative branching regulatorse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both hormones influence the expression of putative branching regulators, J. curcas BRANCHED1 and BRANCHED2”
e1“gibberellin and CK synergistically promote lateral bud outgrowth”
e2“woody plant Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
CK altered expression of J. curcas BRANCHED1 and BRANCHED2.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcase2
- Treatment
- CKe1
- Gene
- J. curcas BRANCHED1 and BRANCHED2e0
- Outcome
- expression of putative branching regulatorse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both hormones influence the expression of putative branching regulators, J. curcas BRANCHED1 and BRANCHED2”
e1“gibberellin and CK synergistically promote lateral bud outgrowth”
e2“woody plant Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol significantly reduced cytokinin-promoted Jatropha bud outgrowth.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcase1
- Treatment
- paclobutrazole0
- Outcome
- promotion of bud outgrowthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment with paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of de novo gibberellin biosynthesis, significantly reduced the promotion of bud outgrowth by CK”
e1“woody plant Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
Strigolactone antagonized gibberellin control of Jatropha lateral bud outgrowth.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcase1
- Treatment
- SLe0
- Outcome
- lateral bud outgrowthe0
- Direction
- antagonisticallye0
- Comparator
- gibberelline0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SL, a plant hormone involved in the repression of shoot branching, acted antagonistically to both gibberellin and CK in the control of lateral bud outgrowth.”
e1“woody plant Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
Strigolactone antagonized CK control of Jatropha lateral bud outgrowth.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcase1
- Treatment
- SLe0
- Outcome
- lateral bud outgrowthe0
- Direction
- antagonisticallye0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SL, a plant hormone involved in the repression of shoot branching, acted antagonistically to both gibberellin and CK in the control of lateral bud outgrowth.”
e1“woody plant Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin repressed JcMAX2 expression.
- Taxon
- J. curcasJatropha curcase0
- Treatment
- gibberelline0
- Gene
- JcMAX2e0
- Outcome
- expression of JcMAX2e0
- Direction
- repressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of JcMAX2, a J. curcas homolog of Arabidopsis MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 encoding an F-box protein in the SL signaling pathway, was repressed by gibberellin and CK treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
CK repressed JcMAX2 expression.
- Taxon
- J. curcasJatropha curcase0
- Treatment
- CKe0
- Gene
- JcMAX2e0
- Outcome
- expression of JcMAX2e0
- Direction
- repressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of JcMAX2, a J. curcas homolog of Arabidopsis MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 encoding an F-box protein in the SL signaling pathway, was repressed by gibberellin and CK treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin induced shoot branching in papaya.
- Taxon
- papaya
_-_DPLA_-_55200ec009622d7d42349f3583df310e.jpg?width=60)
Carica papayae0 - Treatment
- gibberelline0
- Outcome
- shoot branchinge0
- Direction
- inducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_DPLA_-_55200ec009622d7d42349f3583df310e.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“gibberellin also induces shoot branching in many other trees, such as papaya”
The same questions in other papers
class · growth · Jatropha curcasPositive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →class · growth · Carica papaya (papaya)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.