Abstract
Intercropping, the agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops in the same space at the same time is an old and commonly used cropping practice which aims to match efficiently crop demands to the available growth resources and labor. The most common function of intercropping is the production of greater yield on a given piece of land by making more efficient use of the available growth resources using a mixture of crops of different rooting ability, canopy structure, height, spreading and nutrient requirements based on the complementary utilization of growth resources by the component crops. Moreover, intercropping improves soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation with the use of legumes, than sole cropping. Growth parameters Viz., plant height, plant spread and dry matter accumulation per plant, yield attributes (such as, cob length, number of cobs per plant, number of grains/cob and grain yield/plant,), yields Viz., grain, stover and biological per hectare and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in maize were significantly superior in maize+mashbean intercropping systems than their sole cropping. Likewise, paired planting geometry and fertility level of 100% NPK+Zn+PSB resulted into higher values of above mentioned parameters than their respective counterparts. In mashbean, all the growth parameters, yield attributes, yields and nitrogen uptake were statistically superior under normal planting (50 cm) as compared to 30/70 cm paired planting geometry. Maize+mashbean intercropping also produces highest maize grain equivalent yield and land equivalent ratio. Maize+mashbean intercropping with recommended NPK+Zn+PSB to maize also gave highest gross and net returns under paired planting. Besides, this combination also improves the soil nutrient status. Intercropping is in vogue in irrigated areas of northern India, but under alluvial area very little work has been done so far. Thus, present study was planned to evaluate the agronomic implications and economic feasibility of maize+mashbean intercropping system under the planting geometry and different fertility levels in semi arid conditions of alluvial plain zone of India.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Maize growth parameters were significantly superior under maize and mashbean intercropping versus sole cropping.
- Treatment
- maize+mashbean intercropping systemse0
- Interactor
- mashbeane0other
- Outcome
- plant height, plant spread and dry matter accumulation per plante0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- sole croppinge0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth parameters Viz., plant height, plant spread and dry matter accumulation per plant, yield attributes (such as, cob length, number of cobs per plant, number of grains/cob and grain yield/plant,), yields Viz., grain, stover and biological per hectare and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in maize were significantly superior in maize+mashbean intercropping systems than their sole cropping.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield attributes were significantly superior in intercropping.
- Treatment
- maize+mashbean intercropping systemse0
- Interactor
- mashbeane0other
- Outcome
- cob length, number of cobs per plant, number of grains/cobe0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- sole croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield attributes (such as, cob length, number of cobs per plant, number of grains/cob and grain yield/plant,), yields Viz., grain, stover and biological per hectare and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in maize were significantly superior in maize+mashbean intercropping systems than their sole cropping.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yields were significantly superior under intercropping.
- Treatment
- maize+mashbean intercropping systemse0
- Interactor
- mashbeane0other
- Outcome
- grain, stover and biological per hectaree0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- sole croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yields Viz., grain, stover and biological per hectare and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in maize were significantly superior in maize+mashbean intercropping systems than their sole cropping.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake was significantly superior under intercropping.
- Treatment
- maize+mashbean intercropping systemse0
- Interactor
- mashbeane0other
- Outcome
- uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassiume0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- sole croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in maize were significantly superior in maize+mashbean intercropping systems than their sole cropping.”
Claim · model-written summary
Paired planting geometry increased the listed maize growth, yield and nutrient parameters over counterparts.
- Treatment
- paired planting geometrye0
- Outcome
- above mentioned parameterse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- their respective counterpartse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“paired planting geometry and fertility level of 100% NPK+Zn+PSB resulted into higher values of above mentioned parameters than their respective counterparts”
e1“nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in maize were significantly superior”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertility at 100% NPK+Zn+PSB increased the listed maize parameters over counterparts.
- Treatment
- 100% NPK+Zn+PSBe0
- Outcome
- above mentioned parameterse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- their respective counterpartse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertility level of 100% NPK+Zn+PSB resulted into higher values of above mentioned parameters than their respective counterparts”
e1“nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in maize were significantly superior”
Claim · model-written summary
Mashbean growth, yield and nitrogen uptake were statistically superior with normal 50 cm planting compared with paired planting.
Verbatim
e0“In mashbean, all the growth parameters, yield attributes, yields and nitrogen uptake were statistically superior under normal planting (50 cm) as compared to 30/70 cm paired planting geometry.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping gave the highest maize grain equivalent yield and land equivalent ratio.
- Treatment
- Maize+mashbean intercroppinge0
- Interactor
- mashbeane0other
- Outcome
- maize grain equivalent yield and land equivalent ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize+mashbean intercropping also produces highest maize grain equivalent yield and land equivalent ratio.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping with recommended NPK+Zn+PSB under paired planting gave the highest gross and net returns.
- Treatment
- Maize+mashbean intercropping with recommended NPK+Zn+PSBe0
- Interactor
- mashbeane0other
- Outcome
- gross and net returnse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- under paired plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize+mashbean intercropping with recommended NPK+Zn+PSB to maize also gave highest gross and net returns under paired planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
That intercropping and fertility combination improved soil nutrient status.
- Treatment
- Maize+mashbean intercropping with recommended NPK+Zn+PSBe1
- Interactor
- Mashbeant0other
- Outcome
- soil nutrient statuse0
- Direction
- improvese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Besides, this combination also improves the soil nutrient status.”
e1“Maize+mashbean intercropping with recommended NPK+Zn+PSB to maize”
t0“Maize+Mashbean Intercropping System”
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