Abstract
The frequency of extreme events such as droughts and floods has increased as a consequence of climate change. Many crops have not been improved to tolerate soil anoxia and, therefore, floods cause important economic losses. During submergence, Solanum lycopersicum L. exhibits three distinct responses which are adventitious root production, epinasty and aerenchyma formation. The development of a new adventitious root system is crucial as it can replace the original roots that succumb to the hypoxic environment. Aerial roots (aer) is a tomato mutant characterized by the presence of numerous adventitious root primordia along the hypocotyl and older internodes. In this work, we have analyzed the aer mutant behavior to flooding to determine whether preformed adventitious roots represent an adaptive advantage with respect to biomass accumulation. We have also examined other morphological and anatomical responses of aer plants to detect differential adaptations under flooding. Aer plants form an abundant adventitious root system faster than Ailsa Craig cultivar, which results in flooded plants accumulating as much biomass as non-flooded aer plants. In addition, several ethylene-induced responses such as epinasty, hypertrophy, aerenchyma production, and apical hook formation are reduced in aer, suggesting a lower sensitivity of some tissues to ethylene. The E4 expression level, an ethylene-induced gene, confirmed this observation since E4 transcripts are less abundant in petioles and stems of ethylene-treated aer plants, coinciding with the tissues that present a lower degree of morphological and/or anatomical response. Evidence from the Never ripe mutant suggests a reduction in ethylene sensitivity could contribute to the attenuation of flooding effects. Therefore, our results indicate that the rapid formation of a new root system together with a reduction in ethylene sensitivity is responsible of a faster adaptation to flooding stress in the aer mutant.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Flooded aer plants form abundant adventitious roots faster than Ailsa Craig.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Material
- Aere0
- Treatment
- floodinge1
- Outcome
- adventitious root systeme0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Comparator
- Ailsa Craig cultivare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aer plants form an abundant adventitious root system faster than Ailsa Craig cultivar”
t0“tomato”
e1“In this work, we have analyzed the aer mutant behavior to flooding”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooded aer plants accumulated as much biomass as non-flooded aer plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- aere0
- Treatment
- floodede0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- as muche0
- Comparator
- non-flooded aer plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flooded plants accumulating as much biomass as non-flooded aer plants”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Epinasty, hypertrophy, aerenchyma production and apical hook formation were reduced in aer plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- aere0
- Outcome
- epinasty, hypertrophy, aerenchyma production, and apical hook formatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“several ethylene-induced responses such as epinasty, hypertrophy, aerenchyma production, and apical hook formation are reduced in aer”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
E4 transcripts were less abundant in petioles and stems of ethylene-treated aer plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- aere0
- Organ / stage
- petioles and stemse0
- Treatment
- ethylene-treatede0
- Gene
- E4e0
- Outcome
- E4 transcriptse0
- Direction
- less abundante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E4 transcripts are less abundant in petioles and stems of ethylene-treated aer plants”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Evidence from Never ripe suggests reduced ethylene sensitivity may attenuate flooding effects.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Never ripe mutante0
- Outcome
- attenuation of flooding effectse0
- Qualifier
- reduction in ethylene sensitivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Evidence from the Never ripe mutant suggests a reduction in ethylene sensitivity could contribute to the attenuation of flooding effects.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapid root-system formation together with reduced ethylene sensitivity explains faster flood adaptation in aer.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- aer mutante0
- Outcome
- faster adaptation to flooding stresse0
- Qualifier
- rapid formation of a new root system together with a reduction in ethylene sensitivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rapid formation of a new root system together with a reduction in ethylene sensitivity is responsible of a faster adaptation to flooding stress in the aer mutant”
t0“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
flooding · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.