Abstract
In order to obtain maximum economic value of plant nutrients in poultry manure and increase in tomato yield, field experiments were conducted at Owo, southwest Nigeria, during 2012 and 2013 early cropping seasons to study the effect of two methods (broadcasting on the soil surface and the incorporated) and four times (3 weeks before transplanting (3 WBTP), 0 week at transplanting (0 WATP), 3 weeks after transplanting (3 WATP), and 6 weeks after transplanting (6 WATP) of poultry manure (PM)) applications on soil chemical properties, leaf nutrient concentrations, growth and yield of tomato. The eight treatments were factorially arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Results showed that PM incorporated into the soil produced higher soil organic matter and soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, growth and yield (0.9 t ha−1) of tomato compared with broadcast method. Also PM applied at 3 WBTP had higher leaf nutrient concentrations and better growth and yield of tomato compared with 0 WATP, 3 WATP and 6 WATP. The higher yield of 3 WBTP was adduced to better synchrony between crop demand and nutrient supply. Using the mean of the two years, 3 WBTP increased tomato fruit yield by 4.0, 2.8 and 1.5 t ha−1 compared with 6 WATP, 3 WATP and 0 WATP, respectively. This yield difference can be economical on large scale tomato production. Therefore application of PM at 3 WBTP with incorporated method is recommended for tomato cultivation in the forest-savanna transition zone of southwest Nigeria.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporated poultry manure produced higher soil organic matter in tomato than broadcast application.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- PM incorporated into the soile1
- Outcome
- soil organic mattere1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- broadcast methode1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
e1“PM incorporated into the soil produced higher soil organic matter and soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, growth and yield (0.9 t ha−1) of tomato compared with broadcast method”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporated poultry manure produced higher soil and leaf N, P and K in tomato than broadcast application.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PM incorporated into the soile1
- Outcome
- soil and leaf N, P, Ke1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- broadcast methode1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
e1“PM incorporated into the soil produced higher soil organic matter and soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, growth and yield (0.9 t ha−1) of tomato compared with broadcast method”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporated poultry manure produced higher soil and leaf Ca and Mg in tomato than broadcast application.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PM incorporated into the soile1
- Outcome
- Ca, Mge1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- broadcast methode1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
e1“PM incorporated into the soil produced higher soil organic matter and soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, growth and yield (0.9 t ha−1) of tomato compared with broadcast method”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporated poultry manure produced higher growth of tomato than broadcast application.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PM incorporated into the soile1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- broadcast methode1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
e1“PM incorporated into the soil produced higher soil organic matter and soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, growth and yield (0.9 t ha−1) of tomato compared with broadcast method”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporated poultry manure produced higher tomato yield than broadcast application (0.9 t ha−1).
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PM incorporated into the soile1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 0.9 t ha−1e1
- Comparator
- broadcast methode1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
e1“PM incorporated into the soil produced higher soil organic matter and soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, growth and yield (0.9 t ha−1) of tomato compared with broadcast method”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure applied 3 weeks before transplanting gave higher leaf nutrient concentrations in tomato than application at 0, 3 or 6 weeks after transplanting.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PM applied at 3 WBTPe2
- Outcome
- leaf nutrient concentrationse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- 0 WATP, 3 WATP and 6 WATPe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
e2“PM applied at 3 WBTP had higher leaf nutrient concentrations and better growth and yield of tomato compared with 0 WATP, 3 WATP and 6 WATP”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure applied 3 weeks before transplanting gave better growth and yield of tomato than application at 0, 3 or 6 weeks after transplanting.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PM applied at 3 WBTPe2
- Outcome
- growth and yielde2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Comparator
- 0 WATP, 3 WATP and 6 WATPe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
e2“PM applied at 3 WBTP had higher leaf nutrient concentrations and better growth and yield of tomato compared with 0 WATP, 3 WATP and 6 WATP”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure applied 3 weeks before transplanting increased tomato fruit yield by 4.0 t/ha compared with 6 weeks after transplanting.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 3 WBTPe3
- Outcome
- fruit yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 4.0e3
- Comparator
- 6 WATPe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
e3“Using the mean of the two years, 3 WBTP increased tomato fruit yield by 4.0, 2.8 and 1.5 t ha−1 compared with 6 WATP, 3 WATP and 0 WATP, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure applied 3 weeks before transplanting increased tomato fruit yield by 2.8 t/ha compared with 3 weeks after transplanting.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 3 WBTPe3
- Outcome
- fruit yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 2.8e3
- Comparator
- 3 WATPe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
e3“Using the mean of the two years, 3 WBTP increased tomato fruit yield by 4.0, 2.8 and 1.5 t ha−1 compared with 6 WATP, 3 WATP and 0 WATP, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure applied 3 weeks before transplanting increased tomato fruit yield by 1.5 t/ha compared with no application at transplanting.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 3 WBTPe3
- Outcome
- fruit yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 1.5e3
- Comparator
- 0 WATPe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
e3“Using the mean of the two years, 3 WBTP increased tomato fruit yield by 4.0, 2.8 and 1.5 t ha−1 compared with 6 WATP, 3 WATP and 0 WATP, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure applied 3 weeks before transplanting with incorporation is recommended for tomato cultivation in the forest-savanna transition zone of southwest Nigeria.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- application of PM at 3 WBTP with incorporated methode4
- Setting
- forest-savanna transition zone of southwest Nigeriae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
e4“application of PM at 3 WBTP with incorporated method is recommended for tomato cultivation in the forest-savanna transition zone of southwest Nigeria”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher yield with application 3 weeks before transplanting is attributed to better synchrony between crop demand and nutrient supply.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- higher yield of 3 WBTPe5
- Qualifier
- better synchrony between crop demand and nutrient supplye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
e5“The higher yield of 3 WBTP was adduced to better synchrony between crop demand and nutrient supply”
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