Abstract
Climate change pose substantial challenges to tomato production. Heat stress, in particular, affects tomato plants’ growth, yield, and fruit quality, hindering their ability to thrive. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Trichoderma and various organic manures in mitigating heat stress on the all-rounder hybrid variety of tomatoes in Nepal’s Jhapa district. The experiment employed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications during the spring of 2024. Five fertilization treatments were tested: Trichoderma (5.7tons/ha), poultry manure (3.3tons/ha), goat manure (12.8tons/ha), vermicompost (0.8tons/ha), and control. The morphological key parameters of tomato plants were measured. Poultry manure application significantly increased plant height, achieving the tallest plants (51.48 cm) at 50 days after transplanting (DAT) and yielded the largest crown diameter (40.1 cm). The control group resulted in the longest internode length at 60 DAT, while goat manure produced the highest number of internodes and fruit yields, reaching 31.5 g per plant. Goat manure was also effective in promoting early flowering and fruiting stages. Vermicompost was associated with consistent flowering emergence. The study concludes that poultry manure significantly enhances tomato growth under heat stress. In contrast, goat manure and vermicompost improve yield and quality traits, suggesting a beneficial role for these organic amendments in sustainable tomato production.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure significantly increased tomato height to 51.48 cm at 50 DAT.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Poultry manure applicatione0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 51.48 cme0
- Qualifier
- 50 days after transplanting (DAT)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Poultry manure application significantly increased plant height, achieving the tallest plants (51.48 cm) at 50 days after transplanting (DAT)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure produced the largest crown diameter, 40.1 cm.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Poultry manure applicatione1
- Outcome
- crown diametere0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Value
- 40.1 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yielded the largest crown diameter (40.1 cm)”
e1“Poultry manure application”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Control plants had the longest internodes at 60 DAT.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- control groupe0
- Outcome
- internode lengthe0
- Direction
- longeste0
- Qualifier
- 60 DATe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The control group resulted in the longest internode length at 60 DAT”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Goat manure produced the highest number of internodes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- goat manuree0
- Outcome
- number of internodese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“goat manure produced the highest number of internodes”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Goat manure gave the highest fruit yield, reaching 31.5 g per plant.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- goat manuree0
- Outcome
- fruit yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 31.5 g per plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“goat manure produced the highest number of internodes and fruit yields, reaching 31.5 g per plant.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Goat manure promoted early flowering.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Goat manuree0
- Outcome
- early floweringe0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Goat manure was also effective in promoting early flowering and fruiting stages.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Goat manure promoted early fruiting.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Goat manuree0
- Outcome
- fruiting stagese0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Goat manure was also effective in promoting early flowering and fruiting stages.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost was associated with consistent flowering emergence.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- flowering emergencee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vermicompost was associated with consistent flowering emergence.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude poultry manure enhances tomato growth under heat stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- poultry manuree0
- Outcome
- tomato growthe0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“poultry manure significantly enhances tomato growth under heat stress.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude goat manure improves yield and quality traits.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- goat manuree0
- Outcome
- yield and quality traitse0
- Direction
- improvee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“goat manure and vermicompost improve yield and quality traits”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude vermicompost improves yield and quality traits.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- yield and quality traitse0
- Direction
- improvee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“goat manure and vermicompost improve yield and quality traits”
t0“tomato”
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