Abstract
SummaryA simple protocol for in vitro mass propagation of apple rootstock M.9 EMLA has been developed using an automated, low-cost bioreactor system. Comparative studies between semi-solid agar and bioreactor culture (continuous immersion with net and temporary immersion in liquid media using ebb and flood, with and without air exchanges inside the bioreactor chamber) revealed that shoot multiplication and growth were more efficient in continuous immersion (with net) bioreactor culture. Although the multiplication rate was highest in continuous immersion culture, a large number of micropropagated apple shoots showed symptoms of hyperhydricity. In case of temporary immersion culture (ebb and flood system) hyperhydricity was reduced as compared with continuous immersion. The percentage of shoots with hyperhydric leaves could be further reduced by air exchanges made over the culture period in a temporary immersion culture (ebb and flood) in air-lift-balloon type bubble bioreactor (BTBB). In vitro nodal cuttings of apple rootstock M.9 EMLA from bioreactor culture were hydroponically cultured for 30 d and more than 90% plants were rooted and acclimatized successfully. To assess the genetic fidelity of plantlets regenerated from nodal explants during bioreactor culture, the RAPD patterns were compared with that of greenhouse grown control plantlet and revealed genetic uniformity of the regenerants.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous immersion with net improved apple shoot multiplication and growth relative to semi-solid agar and other bioreactor cultures.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- M.9 EMLAt0
- Treatment
- continuous immersion (with net) bioreactor culturee0
- Outcome
- shoot multiplication and growthe0
- Direction
- more efficiente0
- Comparator
- semi-solid agar and bioreactor culturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comparative studies between semi-solid agar and bioreactor culture (continuous immersion with net and temporary immersion in liquid media using ebb and flood, with and without air exchanges inside the bioreactor chamber) revealed that shoot multiplication and growth were more efficient in continuous immersion (with net) bioreactor culture.”
t0“apple rootstock M.9 EMLA”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous immersion gave the highest multiplication rate among the cultures compared.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- continuous immersion culturee0
- Outcome
- multiplication ratee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although the multiplication rate was highest in continuous immersion culture, a large number of micropropagated apple shoots showed symptoms of hyperhydricity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Many micropropagated apple shoots in continuous immersion culture showed hyperhydricity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- continuous immersion culturee0
- Outcome
- a large number of micropropagated apple shoots showed symptoms of hyperhydricitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although the multiplication rate was highest in continuous immersion culture, a large number of micropropagated apple shoots showed symptoms of hyperhydricity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Temporary immersion reduced hyperhydricity relative to continuous immersion.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- temporary immersion culture (ebb and flood system)e0
- Outcome
- hyperhydricitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- continuous immersione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In case of temporary immersion culture (ebb and flood system) hyperhydricity was reduced as compared with continuous immersion.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Air exchanges during temporary immersion further reduced the percentage of shoots with hyperhydric leaves.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- air exchangese0
- Outcome
- percentage of shoots with hyperhydric leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- temporary immersion culture (ebb and flood)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of shoots with hyperhydric leaves could be further reduced by air exchanges made over the culture period in a temporary immersion culture (ebb and flood) in air-lift-balloon type bubble bioreactor (BTBB).”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
More than 90% of hydroponically cultured nodal cuttings rooted and acclimatized after 30 days.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- M.9 EMLAe0
- Treatment
- hydroponically cultured for 30 de0
- Outcome
- plants were rooted and acclimatized successfullye0
- Value
- more than 90%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro nodal cuttings of apple rootstock M.9 EMLA from bioreactor culture were hydroponically cultured for 30 d and more than 90% plants were rooted and acclimatized successfully.”
Claim · model-written summary
RAPD comparison with a greenhouse control showed genetic uniformity of regenerated apple plantlets.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- M.9 EMLAt0
- Outcome
- genetic uniformity of the regenerantse0
- Comparator
- greenhouse grown control plantlete0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the RAPD patterns were compared with that of greenhouse grown control plantlet and revealed genetic uniformity of the regenerants.”
t0“apple rootstock M.9 EMLA”
The same questions in other papers
application · pest · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
37 papers more in this group
See all 41 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.