Abstract
The disease symptoms recognized as 'Anthracnose' are caused by Colletotrichum spp. and lead to large-scale strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duchesne) losses worldwide in terms of both quality and production. Little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying the genetic variations in the strawberry-Colletotrichum spp. interaction. In this work, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (C. gloeosporioides) infection was characterized in two varieties exhibiting different susceptibilities, and the involvement of salicylic acid (SA) was examined. Light microscopic observation showed that C. gloeosporioides conidia germinated earlier and faster on the leaf surface of the susceptible cultivar compared with the less-susceptible cultivar. Several PR genes were differentially expressed, with higher-amplitude changes observed in the less-susceptible cultivar. The less-susceptible cultivar contained a higher level of basal SA, and the SA levels increased rapidly upon infection, followed by a sharp decrease before the necrotrophic phase. External SA pretreatment reduced susceptibility and elevated the internal SA levels in both varieties, which were sharply reduced in the susceptible cultivar upon inoculation. The less-susceptible cultivar also displayed a more sensitive and marked increase in the transcripts of NB-LRR genes to C. gloeosporioides, and SA pretreatment differentially induced transcript accumulation in the two varieties during infection. Furthermore, SA directly inhibited the germination of C. gloeosporioides conidia; NB-LRR transcript accumulation in response to SA pretreatment was both dose- and cultivar-dependent. The results demonstrate that the less-susceptible cultivar showed reduced conidia germination. The contribution of SA might involve microbial isolate-specific sensitivity to SA, cultivar/tissue-specific SA homeostasis and signaling, and the sensitivity of R genes and the related defense network to SA and pathogens.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Conidia germinated earlier and faster on susceptible strawberry leaves.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Material
- susceptible cultivare0
- Interactor
- C. gloeosporioides
Colletotrichum gloeosporioidese0pathogen - Outcome
- C. gloeosporioides conidia germinatede0
- Direction
- earlier and fastere0
- Comparator
- less-susceptible cultivare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“C. gloeosporioides conidia germinated earlier and faster on the leaf surface of the susceptible cultivar compared with the less-susceptible cultivar”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
PR gene expression changes were greater in the less-susceptible cultivar.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- less-susceptible cultivare0
- Gene
- PR genese0
- Outcome
- PR genes were differentially expressede0
- Direction
- higher-amplitude changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Several PR genes were differentially expressed, with higher-amplitude changes observed in the less-susceptible cultivar”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal salicylic acid was higher in the less-susceptible cultivar.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- less-susceptible cultivare0
- Outcome
- basal SAe0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The less-susceptible cultivar contained a higher level of basal SA”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid rose rapidly after infection then fell before the necrotrophic phase.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- SA levelse0
- Direction
- increased rapidlye0
- Qualifier
- followed by a sharp decrease before the necrotrophic phasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the SA levels increased rapidly upon infection, followed by a sharp decrease before the necrotrophic phase”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
External salicylic acid pretreatment reduced susceptibility in both varieties.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- External SA pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- both varietiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“External SA pretreatment reduced susceptibility and elevated the internal SA levels in both varieties”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
External salicylic acid pretreatment raised internal salicylic acid in both varieties.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- External SA pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- internal SA levelse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Qualifier
- both varietiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“External SA pretreatment reduced susceptibility and elevated the internal SA levels in both varieties”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid fell sharply in the susceptible cultivar after inoculation.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- susceptible cultivare0
- Outcome
- internal SA levelse1
- Direction
- sharply reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which were sharply reduced in the susceptible cultivar upon inoculation”
e1“internal SA levels in both varieties”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
NB-LRR transcripts rose more sensitively and markedly in the less-susceptible cultivar after pathogen exposure.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- less-susceptible cultivare0
- Interactor
- C. gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese0pathogen
- Gene
- NB-LRR genese0
- Outcome
- transcripts of NB-LRR genese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The less-susceptible cultivar also displayed a more sensitive and marked increase in the transcripts of NB-LRR genes to C. gloeosporioides”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
SA pretreatment induced transcript accumulation differently in the two varieties during infection.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- SA pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- transcript accumulatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- two varieties during infectione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA pretreatment differentially induced transcript accumulation in the two varieties during infection”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
SA directly inhibited C. gloeosporioides conidia germination.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Interactor
- C. gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- germination of C. gloeosporioides conidiae0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA directly inhibited the germination of C. gloeosporioides conidia”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
NB-LRR transcript accumulation after SA pretreatment depended on dose and cultivar.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- SA pretreatmente0
- Gene
- NB-LRRe0
- Outcome
- NB-LRR transcript accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- dose- and cultivar-dependente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NB-LRR transcript accumulation in response to SA pretreatment was both dose- and cultivar-dependent”
t0“strawberry”
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.