Abstract
SummaryTwo growth retardants: paclobutrazol (P, Cultar) or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) were applied once alone, or in mixtures (in a range of 5 to 20 mg per tree) to the collar of maiden plum, sour and sweet cherries and apple trees, in early spring of the second year after planting. Plum and apple trees were also treated with benzyladenine (BA) at 10 mg per tree a.i. in a mixture with P or TIBA. Sweet and sour cherry trees were treated with natural phenolic substances: phloridzin (Phi) and quercetin (Que) alone, or in mixtures with P and TIBA. A mid-stem treatment with P and shoot bending were also applied to the plum and apple trees for comparison. Measurements of tree growth and fruiting were made within 4 or 5 years. The reaction of the four species to the treatments varied according to the growth regulator applied. Plum trees responded mostly to TIBA and its mixtures with P. A strong suppression of tree growth and increased fruit productivity, as well as improved fruit quality, were observed. The TIBA application and its mixtures with P were also effective in causing growth reduction of the sweet cherry trees. Treatments with P alone, or mixed with TIBA, were effective in growth limitation of sour cherry trees. Some increase in the reproductive processes was observed only after the TIBA treatment in both species. The apple trees responded to application of mixtures of TIBA with benzyladenine (BA), or with P, and to P alone, with effective growth reduction. But only the P + BA treatment increased significantly the fruiting of apple trees, while the other treatments resulted in crops proportional to the diminished tree sizes. The mid-stem treatment did not affect plum trees but increased growth of apple trees. Shoot bending had no effect on the plum trees but increased fruiting of apple trees. The addition of Phi to half the lower P dose or TIBA, magnified growth suppression in the sweet and sour cherry trees. When applied alone Que caused a small growth inhibition but Phi produced some increase in growth of sour cherry trees. Results obtained show the possibilities of practical applications of growth regulators to the collar. Their reduced doses mixed with natural phenolic substances are equally effective in growth suppression and make fruit production safer and more profitable, especially in plum and sour cherry trees.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA and its mixtures with P suppressed plum tree growth.
- Taxon
- Plum trees
Prunus domesticae0 - Treatment
- TIBA and its mixtures with Pe0
- Outcome
- tree growthe0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plum trees responded mostly to TIBA and its mixtures with P. A strong suppression of tree growth and increased fruit productivity, as well as improved fruit quality, were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA and its mixtures with P increased plum fruit productivity.
- Taxon
- Plum treesPrunus domesticae0
- Treatment
- TIBA and its mixtures with Pe0
- Outcome
- fruit productivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plum trees responded mostly to TIBA and its mixtures with P. A strong suppression of tree growth and increased fruit productivity, as well as improved fruit quality, were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA and its mixtures with P improved plum fruit quality.
- Taxon
- Plum treesPrunus domesticae0
- Treatment
- TIBA and its mixtures with Pe0
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plum trees responded mostly to TIBA and its mixtures with P. A strong suppression of tree growth and increased fruit productivity, as well as improved fruit quality, were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA and its mixtures with P reduced sweet cherry growth.
- Taxon
- sweet cherry trees
Prunus aviume0 - Treatment
- TIBA application and its mixtures with Pe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The TIBA application and its mixtures with P were also effective in causing growth reduction of the sweet cherry trees”
Claim · model-written summary
P alone or mixed with TIBA limited sour cherry growth.
- Taxon
- sour cherry trees
Prunus cerasuse0 - Treatment
- P alone, or mixed with TIBAe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- limitatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with P alone, or mixed with TIBA, were effective in growth limitation of sour cherry trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Only TIBA increased reproductive processes in sweet cherry.
- Taxon
- sweet cherry treesPrunus aviumt0
- Treatment
- TIBA treatmente0
- Outcome
- reproductive processese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some increase in the reproductive processes was observed only after the TIBA treatment in both species”
t0“growth reduction of the sweet cherry trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Only TIBA increased reproductive processes in sour cherry.
- Taxon
- sour cherry treesPrunus cerasust0
- Treatment
- TIBA treatmente0
- Outcome
- reproductive processese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some increase in the reproductive processes was observed only after the TIBA treatment in both species”
t0“growth limitation of sour cherry trees”
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA plus BA, TIBA plus P, and P alone reduced apple growth.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- mixtures of TIBA with benzyladenine (BA), or with P, and to P alonee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The apple trees responded to application of mixtures of TIBA with benzyladenine (BA), or with P, and to P alone, with effective growth reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
P plus BA significantly increased apple fruiting.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- P + BA treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruitinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only the P + BA treatment increased significantly the fruiting of apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Other apple treatments produced crops proportional to smaller tree sizes.
- Outcome
- crops proportional to the diminished tree sizese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the other treatments resulted in crops proportional to the diminished tree sizes”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-stem treatment did not affect plum trees.
- Taxon
- plum treesPrunus domesticae0
- Treatment
- mid-stem treatmente0
- Outcome
- plum treese0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mid-stem treatment did not affect plum trees but increased growth of apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-stem treatment increased apple growth.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- mid-stem treatmente0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mid-stem treatment did not affect plum trees but increased growth of apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot bending had no effect on plum trees.
- Taxon
- plum treesPrunus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Shoot bendinge0
- Outcome
- plum treese0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot bending had no effect on the plum trees but increased fruiting of apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot bending increased apple fruiting.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Shoot bendinge0
- Outcome
- fruitinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot bending had no effect on the plum trees but increased fruiting of apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding Phi to lower P dose or TIBA magnified sweet cherry growth suppression.
- Taxon
- sweete0
- Treatment
- addition of Phi to half the lower P dose or TIBAe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Phi to half the lower P dose or TIBA, magnified growth suppression in the sweet and sour cherry trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding Phi to lower P dose or TIBA magnified sour cherry growth suppression.
- Taxon
- sour cherry treesPrunus cerasuse0
- Treatment
- addition of Phi to half the lower P dose or TIBAe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Phi to half the lower P dose or TIBA, magnified growth suppression in the sweet and sour cherry trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Que alone slightly inhibited sour cherry growth.
- Taxon
- sour cherry treesPrunus cerasuse0
- Treatment
- Quee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- smalle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied alone Que caused a small growth inhibition but Phi produced some increase in growth of sour cherry trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Phi alone increased sour cherry growth.
- Taxon
- sour cherry treesPrunus cerasuse0
- Treatment
- Phie0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied alone Que caused a small growth inhibition but Phi produced some increase in growth of sour cherry trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced growth regulator doses mixed with natural phenolic substances were equally effective in growth suppression.
- Taxon
- plumPrunus domesticae0
- Treatment
- reduced doses mixed with natural phenolic substancese0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Their reduced doses mixed with natural phenolic substances are equally effective in growth suppression and make fruit production safer and more profitable, especially in plum and sour cherry trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded reduced regulator doses with phenolics make fruit production safer and more profitable.
- Taxon
- plumPrunus domesticae0
- Outcome
- fruit production safer and more profitablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Their reduced doses mixed with natural phenolic substances are equally effective in growth suppression and make fruit production safer and more profitable, especially in plum and sour cherry trees”
The same questions in other papers
N-benzyladenine · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
53 papers more in this group
See all 57 papers →2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
N-benzyladenine · phenology · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.