Paper · 1993 · HortScience

CALCIUM LEVELS IN APPLE SEEDLINGS AND FRUIT FOLLOWING NAA AND TIBA TREATMENTS

Wol Soo Kim; George C. Martin

14
claims
15
verbatim quotes
0
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

Foliar sprays of TIBA inhibited the growth of apple seedlings, and induced bitter pit of field grown `Golden Delicious' fruit. Total Ca levels were significantly decreased in the stems and leaves of apple seedlings, and in fruit peel. Foliar sprays of NAA increased total Ca content in shoots of apple seedlings. The Ca levels in the roots of seedlings were affected less by TIBA and/or NAA sprays than that of shoots. Irrigation after TIBA treatment inhibited apple seedling growth, and decreased total Ca content in shoots and roots, while NAA increased the growth and Ca content in the seedlings. TIBA via lanolin mixture to the shoot inhibited growth, and decreased the Ca content in shoots and roots of apple seedlings. NAA via lanolin mixture did not affect growth, whereas it increased the Ca content in the shoots of apple seedlings.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 14

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

TIBA foliar sprays inhibited apple seedling growth.

Treatment
Foliar sprays of TIBAe0
Outcome
growth of apple seedlingse0
Direction
inhibitede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Foliar sprays of TIBA inhibited the growth of apple seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–61 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

TIBA foliar sprays induced bitter pit in Golden Delicious fruit.

Material
`Golden Delicious'e0
Organ / stage
fruite0
Treatment
Foliar sprays of TIBAe0
Outcome
bitter pite0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Foliar sprays of TIBA inhibited the growth of apple seedlings, and induced bitter pit of field grown `Golden Delicious' fruit.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–126 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Total calcium fell in stems and leaves after TIBA sprays.

Organ / stage
stems and leavese0
Treatment
TIBAe0
Outcome
Total Ca levelse0
Direction
decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Foliar sprays of TIBA inhibited the growth of apple seedlings, and induced bitter pit of field grown `Golden Delicious' fruit. Total Ca levels were significantly decreased in the stems and leaves of apple seedlings, and in fruit peel.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–234 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Total calcium fell in fruit peel after TIBA sprays.

Organ / stage
fruit peele0
Treatment
TIBAe0
Outcome
Total Ca levelse0
Direction
decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Foliar sprays of TIBA inhibited the growth of apple seedlings, and induced bitter pit of field grown `Golden Delicious' fruit. Total Ca levels were significantly decreased in the stems and leaves of apple seedlings, and in fruit peel.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–234 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

NAA foliar sprays increased calcium in apple seedling shoots.

Organ / stage
shootse0
Treatment
Foliar sprays of NAAe0
Outcome
total Ca contente0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Foliar sprays of NAA increased total Ca content in shoots of apple seedlings.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 235–312 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seedling root calcium was affected less by TIBA and/or NAA than shoot calcium.

Treatment
TIBA and/or NAA sprayse0
Outcome
Ca levels in the rootse0
Direction
affected lesse0
Comparator
shootse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The Ca levels in the roots of seedlings were affected less by TIBA and/or NAA sprays than that of shoots.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 313–418 · show in text ↑
t0

“apple”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 18–23 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Irrigation after TIBA inhibited apple seedling growth.

Treatment
Irrigation after TIBA treatmente0
Outcome
apple seedling growthe0
Direction
inhibitede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Irrigation after TIBA treatment inhibited apple seedling growth, and decreased total Ca content in shoots and roots, while NAA increased the growth and Ca content in the seedlings.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 419–599 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Irrigation after TIBA decreased calcium in shoots and roots.

Treatment
Irrigation after TIBA treatmente0
Outcome
total Ca content in shoots and rootse0
Direction
decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Irrigation after TIBA treatment inhibited apple seedling growth, and decreased total Ca content in shoots and roots, while NAA increased the growth and Ca content in the seedlings.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 419–599 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

NAA increased apple seedling growth.

Treatment
NAAe0
Outcome
growthe0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Irrigation after TIBA treatment inhibited apple seedling growth, and decreased total Ca content in shoots and roots, while NAA increased the growth and Ca content in the seedlings.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 419–599 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

NAA increased apple seedling calcium.

Treatment
NAAe0
Outcome
Ca content in the seedlingse0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Irrigation after TIBA treatment inhibited apple seedling growth, and decreased total Ca content in shoots and roots, while NAA increased the growth and Ca content in the seedlings.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 419–599 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

TIBA in lanolin inhibited apple seedling growth.

Treatment
TIBA via lanolin mixture to the shoote0
Outcome
growthe0
Direction
inhibitede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“TIBA via lanolin mixture to the shoot inhibited growth, and decreased the Ca content in shoots and roots of apple seedlings.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 600–724 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

TIBA in lanolin lowered shoot and root calcium.

Treatment
TIBA via lanolin mixture to the shoote0
Outcome
Ca content in shoots and rootse0
Direction
decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“TIBA via lanolin mixture to the shoot inhibited growth, and decreased the Ca content in shoots and roots of apple seedlings.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 600–724 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

NAA in lanolin did not affect growth.

Treatment
NAA via lanolin mixturee0
Outcome
growthe0
Direction
did not affecte0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“NAA via lanolin mixture did not affect growth, whereas it increased the Ca content in the shoots of apple seedlings.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 725–841 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

NAA in lanolin increased shoot calcium.

Treatment
NAA via lanolin mixturee0
Outcome
Ca content in the shootse0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“NAA via lanolin mixture did not affect growth, whereas it increased the Ca content in the shoots of apple seedlings.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 725–841 · show in text ↑

1-naphthaleneacetic acid · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ

43 papers: 31 positive, 12 negative or no effect

30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

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2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

4 papers: 2 positive, 2 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. no effect
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1-naphthaleneacetic acid · nutrient: content · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

6 papers: 3 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

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2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid · nutrient: content · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree

4 papers: 0 positive, 4 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative
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irrigation · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ

67 papers: 52 positive, 15 negative or no effect

14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 52 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

63 papers more in this group

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irrigation · nutrient: content · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

16 papers: 14 positive, 2 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

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application · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

107 papers: 76 positive, 31 negative or no effect

30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 76 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
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  3. positive

103 papers more in this group

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application · nutrient: content · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

116 papers: 100 positive, 16 negative or no effect

99 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. no effect

112 papers more in this group

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.