Abstract
The allelopathic effect studied in many cultures has currently generated great expectations that displayed a natural and environmentally friendly tool for weed management using bioherbicides. The objective of this work was to assess allelopathic influence of residues of S. trilobata on the germination and growth of weeds, as well as their relation with some crops and effects on soil properties. Results show that residues from S. trilobata have inhibited the germination of weeds (31.6 - 72%), increasingly with the applied dose. All residue doses of this specie have inhibited dicotyledonous germination, but only maximum concentration has affected monocotyledons. The residues did not affect onion germination, but stimulated it in radish and tomato, while the dose applied at 50% produced tomato stimulation and inhibition of cabbage. The effects of residues on hypocotyl growth in different crops showed changes in species response. For onion, the three doses had negative effects on the growth of hypocotyl, while tomato was stimulated. For radish, the growth was hindered by any dose applied, and were only different (50 and 100%) compared to control. For cabbage, only hypocotyl length was stimulated, when maximum dose (100%) was applied. For the radicle growth, in onion and radish no differences were found compared to control. While the tomato radicle growth was inhibited, in cabbage, all doses encouraged the elongation of the radicle. The dry mass of weed was affected by increased dose of residue (0.49 - 8.8 g m-2), however the soil microflora was stimulated, while the population of Azotobacter spp. was not affect. Some soil properties were affected, the level of organic material, Na+ and electrical conductivity were increased, while pH (H2O) decreased a bit, however it remained basic.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
S. trilobata residues inhibited weed germination by 31.6 to 72%, increasingly with dose.
- Taxon
- weedse0
- Treatment
- residues from S. trilobatae0
- Interactor
- S. trilobata
.jpg?width=60)
Sphagneticola trilobatae0other - Outcome
- germination of weedse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 31.6 - 72%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“residues from S. trilobata have inhibited the germination of weeds (31.6 - 72%), increasingly with the applied dose.”
Claim · model-written summary
All residue doses inhibited dicotyledonous germination.
- Taxon
- Sphagneticola trilobataSphagneticola trilobatat0
- Treatment
- residuese0
- Interactor
- dicotyledonouse0weed
- Outcome
- dicotyledonous germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results show that residues from S. trilobata have inhibited the germination of weeds (31.6 - 72%), increasingly with the applied dose. All residue doses of this specie have inhibited dicotyledonous germination”
t0“Sphagneticola trilobata”
Claim · model-written summary
Only the maximum residue concentration affected monocotyledon germination.
- Taxon
- Sphagneticola trilobataSphagneticola trilobatat0
- Treatment
- maximum concentratione0
- Outcome
- monocotyledonse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but only maximum concentration has affected monocotyledons.”
t0“Sphagneticola trilobata”
Claim · model-written summary
Residues did not affect onion germination.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepae0 - Treatment
- residuese0
- Outcome
- onion germinatione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The residues did not affect onion germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Residues stimulated radish germination.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse0 - Treatment
- Residuest0
- Outcome
- stimulatede0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stimulated it in radish and tomato”
t0“Residues”
Claim · model-written summary
Residues stimulated tomato germination.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Residuest0
- Outcome
- stimulatede0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stimulated it in radish and tomato”
t0“Residues”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50% dose stimulated tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- dose applied at 50%e0
- Outcome
- tomato stimulatione0
- Direction
- stimulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the dose applied at 50% produced tomato stimulation”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50% dose inhibited cabbage.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae0 - Treatment
- dose applied at 50%e0
- Outcome
- inhibition of cabbagee0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the dose applied at 50% produced tomato stimulation and inhibition of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
All three residue doses negatively affected onion hypocotyl growth.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Organ / stage
- hypocotyle0
- Treatment
- three dosese0
- Outcome
- growth of hypocotyle0
- Direction
- negativee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For onion, the three doses had negative effects on the growth of hypocotyl”
Claim · model-written summary
Residues stimulated tomato hypocotyl growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- residuest0
- Outcome
- stimulatede0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while tomato was stimulated.”
t0“residues”
Claim · model-written summary
Every dose hindered radish hypocotyl growth, with 50% and 100% differing from control.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- any dose appliede0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- hinderede0
- Qualifier
- 50 and 100%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For radish, the growth was hindered by any dose applied, and were only different (50 and 100%) compared to control.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% dose stimulated cabbage hypocotyl length.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- maximum dose (100%)e0
- Outcome
- hypocotyl lengthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For cabbage, only hypocotyl length was stimulated, when maximum dose (100%) was applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion radicle growth did not differ from control.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- residuest0
- Outcome
- radicle growthe0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the radicle growth, in onion and radish no differences were found compared to control.”
t0“residues”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish radicle growth did not differ from control.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- residuest0
- Outcome
- radicle growthe0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the radicle growth, in onion and radish no differences were found compared to control.”
t0“residues”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato radicle growth was inhibited.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- residuest0
- Outcome
- tomato radicle growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the tomato radicle growth was inhibited”
t0“residues”
Claim · model-written summary
All doses encouraged cabbage radicle elongation.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- all dosese0
- Outcome
- elongation of the radiclee0
- Direction
- encouragede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in cabbage, all doses encouraged the elongation of the radicle.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing residue dose affected weed dry mass.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“The dry mass of weed was affected by increased dose of residue (0.49 - 8.8 g m-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Residues stimulated soil microflora.
- Taxon
- Sphagneticola trilobataSphagneticola trilobatat0
- Treatment
- residuest0
- Interactor
- soil microflorae0other
- Outcome
- soil microflorae0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“however the soil microflora was stimulated”
t0“residues from Sphagneticola trilobata”
Claim · model-written summary
Residues did not affect Azotobacter spp. populations.
- Taxon
- Sphagneticola trilobataSphagneticola trilobatat0
- Treatment
- residuest0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter spp.
Azotobactere0other - Outcome
- population of Azotobacter spp.e0
- Direction
- not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the population of Azotobacter spp. was not affect.”
t0“residues from Sphagneticola trilobata”
Claim · model-written summary
Residues increased soil organic material, Na+ and electrical conductivity while slightly decreasing pH, which remained basic.
- Taxon
- Sphagneticola trilobataSphagneticola trilobatat0
- Outcome
- organic material, Na+ and electrical conductivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- pH (H2O) decreased a bit, however it remained basice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the level of organic material, Na+ and electrical conductivity were increased, while pH (H2O) decreased a bit, however it remained basic.”
t0“Sphagneticola trilobata”