Abstract
SummaryAnthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skins is influenced by temperature during the maturation period. Although it has been reported that high temperatures result in lower anthocyanin concentrations in berry skins, their effects on anthocyanin composition remain unclear. To study the effect of high temperature on anthocyanin composition, the accumulation of individual anthocyanins in the skin of 'Pinot noir' berries was investigated in two experiments: Experiment 1, high morning and evening temperature treatment; Experiment 2, high day-time temperature treatment. High temperatures (30°C) in the morning and evening did not the affect the total anthocyanin content in the skin, but decreased the levels of delphinidin 3-glucosides, petunidin 3-glucosides and malvidin 3-glucosides, which are 3',5'-hydroxylated, or methylated following 3',5'-hydroxylation. A high day-time temperature (35°C) also decreased the levels of delphinidin, petunidin and malvidin 3-glucosides. In both Experiments, grape berries grown under high temperature had a low abundance of mRNA for flavonoid 3', 5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) in the skin.These results suggest that changes in the accumulation of individual anthocyanins in the skins of 'Pinot noir' grape berries, due to high temperature, are regulated at the level of transcription of the F3'5'H gene.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Morning and evening 30°C treatment did not alter total skin anthocyanin content.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferat0 - Treatment
- High temperatures (30°C) in the morning and eveninge0
- Outcome
- total anthocyanin content in the skine0
- Direction
- did not the affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapes (Vitis vinifera)”
e0“High temperatures (30°C) in the morning and evening did not the affect the total anthocyanin content in the skin”
Claim · model-written summary
Morning and evening 30°C treatment decreased three anthocyanin glucosides in berry skin.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- High temperatures (30°C) in the morning and eveninge0
- Outcome
- levels of delphinidin 3-glucosides, petunidin 3-glucosides and malvidin 3-glucosidese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapes (Vitis vinifera)”
e0“High temperatures (30°C) in the morning and evening did not the affect the total anthocyanin content in the skin, but decreased the levels of delphinidin 3-glucosides, petunidin 3-glucosides and malvidin 3-glucosides”
Claim · model-written summary
Daytime 35°C treatment decreased delphinidin, petunidin and malvidin 3-glucosides.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- high day-time temperature (35°C)e0
- Outcome
- levels of delphinidin, petunidin and malvidin 3-glucosidese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapes (Vitis vinifera)”
e0“A high day-time temperature (35°C) also decreased the levels of delphinidin, petunidin and malvidin 3-glucosides”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature lowered skin F3'5'H mRNA abundance in both experiments.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee0
- Gene
- flavonoid 3', 5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H)e0
- Outcome
- abundance of mRNA for flavonoid 3', 5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) in the skine0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapes (Vitis vinifera)”
e0“In both Experiments, grape berries grown under high temperature had a low abundance of mRNA for flavonoid 3', 5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) in the skin”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that temperature-driven changes in individual anthocyanins are regulated by F3'5'H transcription.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Gene
- F3'5'He0
- Outcome
- changes in the accumulation of individual anthocyaninse0
- Qualifier
- regulated at the level of transcription of the F3'5'H genee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapes (Vitis vinifera)”
e0“These results suggest that changes in the accumulation of individual anthocyanins in the skins of 'Pinot noir' grape berries, due to high temperature, are regulated at the level of transcription of the F3'5'H gene”
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