Abstract
AbstractIn order to investigate the effects of different nitrogen nutritional systems including chemical, organic and biologic ones on yield and essential oil content, yield and constituents of this valuable medicinal plant, a field experiment was carried out in 2013-2014 agricultural season in completely randomized blocks design. Different nitrogen system treatments consisting of: 1. N1 or control (Uniformly spreading urea fertilizer in the plot, 50% at planting time and 50% at stem elongation), 2. N2 (Uniformly spreading 50% of urea fertilizer in the plot at planting time and spraying the other 50% of urea fertilizer at stem elongation on fennel foliage), 3. N3 or cow manure, 4. N4 or bio-fertilizer (Inoculation of fennel seeds with Azotobacter and Azospirillum), 5. N5 or Integrated-1 (Cow manure + uniformly spreading urea fertilizer in the plot at stem elongation), 6. N6 or Integrated-2 (Cow manure + bio-fertilizer) were applied. Results showed that urea spraying has led to 13.4% more seed yield production than control with 3.28% essential oil content which was as well as control. Moreover, the findings showed that replacing 50 percent of required nitrogen with cow manure in fennel, could lead to a favorable quantitative and qualitative seed production as well as the treatments which used 100 percent of nitrogen as chemical fertilizers. Other finding of the present study, showed that seed inoculation with biofertilizer (Azotobacter + Azospirillum) had no positive effect on plant seed yield and essential oil.Key words: AzospirillumAzotobacterCow manureFennelFoeniculum vulgare
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar urea produced 13.4% more fennel seed yield than control.
- Taxon
- Fennel
_-_Parc_Natural_de_s'Albufera%2C_Spain_2022-04-18_(02).jpg?width=60)
Anethum foeniculumt0 - Treatment
- urea sprayinge0
- Outcome
- seed yield productione0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 13.4%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Parc_Natural_de_s'Albufera%2C_Spain_2022-04-18_(02).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Fennel (Foeniculum vulgareMill.)”
e0“urea spraying has led to 13.4% more seed yield production than control”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar urea gave 3.28% essential oil content, comparable to control.
- Taxon
- FennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- urea sprayinge1
- Outcome
- essential oil contente0
- Direction
- as well ase0
- Value
- 3.28%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fennel (Foeniculum vulgareMill.)”
e0“3.28% essential oil content which was as well as control”
e1“urea spraying has led to 13.4% more seed yield production than control”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing half of required nitrogen with cow manure gave fennel seed production comparable to fully chemical nitrogen fertilizer.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculume0
- Treatment
- replacing 50 percent of required nitrogen with cow manuree0
- Outcome
- quantitative and qualitative seed productione0
- Direction
- as well ase0
- Comparator
- treatments which used 100 percent of nitrogen as chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“replacing 50 percent of required nitrogen with cow manure in fennel, could lead to a favorable quantitative and qualitative seed production as well as the treatments which used 100 percent of nitrogen as chemical fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed inoculation with Azotobacter and Azospirillum had no positive effect on fennel seed yield.
- Taxon
- FennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- seed inoculation with biofertilizer (Azotobacter + Azospirillum)e0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter
Azotobactere0symbiont - Second interactor
- Azospirillum
Azospirillume0symbiont - Outcome
- plant seed yielde0
- Direction
- no positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fennel (Foeniculum vulgareMill.)”
e0“seed inoculation with biofertilizer (Azotobacter + Azospirillum) had no positive effect on plant seed yield and essential oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed inoculation with Azotobacter and Azospirillum had no positive effect on fennel essential oil.
- Taxon
- FennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- seed inoculation with biofertilizer (Azotobacter + Azospirillum)e0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- essential oile0
- Direction
- no positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fennel (Foeniculum vulgareMill.)”
e0“seed inoculation with biofertilizer (Azotobacter + Azospirillum) had no positive effect on plant seed yield and essential oil”
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