Abstract
The auther had formaly reported on the empty husks in rice plants, aud pointed out that the sterile grains and blasted grains (fertilized but blasted in early stage to their development) are included in the empty husks, and parthenocarpic grains are found frequently in sterile grains. The present studies were carried out on the effects of restricted sunshine, of darkness and of restriction of number of flowers on panicle upon the occurrence of empty husks, in order to ascertain which stage of growth will be seriously affected dy these unfavourable conditions and to inquire into the cause of the occurrence of empty husks. The results are briefly summerized as follows : - (1) Sterile grains were numerously found on the heads which had been treated (under restricted sunshine or darkness) at the heading time or there about, to be more exact the flowers which were on these heads and opened at the latter period of treating duration were most seriously affected. Under such environmental conditions (restricted sunshine and darkness), physiological activity of rice plant became weaker and weaker, and fertilizing ability of flowers decayed gradually, though pollination has been normally performed. Under restricted sunshine, fertilizing ability of the weaker flowers such as the second and the third flowers on second order branches of panicles diminished and that of the other vigorous flowers did not diminish, but in darkness that of the vigorous flowers diminished as well as that of the weaker flowers. These may be due to the fact that the physiological activity of plant declines more badly in darkness than under restricted sunshine. (2) Blasted grains were numerously found in the weaker flowers on the heads which had been under restricted sunshine for 10 days from few days after heading, but they were rare in the other flowers on the same heads. Darkness for 4 days influenced scarcely on the occurrence of blasted grains. Under restricted sunshine, physiological activity of plants become weaker and weaker, as a matter of cause locomotion of nutrients to kernels of the weaker flowers shows a phenomenal decrease, then these kernels will be able to develop no more, and remain as blasted grains. In darkness physiological activity of plants declines more severly than under restricted sunshine but this condition continues only 4 days, therefore the locomotion of nutrients into kernels of the weaker flowers resumes after a while and these kernels will begin to develop again. (3) When upper five branches on panicle were cut off at several days after heading, the function of remaining flowers will become vigorous, and the locomotion of nutrients into that flowers will become plentiful. This treatment applied untill five days after heading diminished the sterilizing percentage, and the blasting percentage was decreased when the treatment was applied untill 15 days after heading (about 7 days after flowering of weaker flowers on panicle). And this treatment is more effective on the decrease of blasted grains than on that of sterile grains, because the blasted grains come of the declination of flower function and nutrient locomotion.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Sterile grains were numerous on rice panicles treated with restricted sunshine or darkness at or around heading.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- restricted sunshine or darknesse0
- Outcome
- Sterile grainse0
- Direction
- numerously founde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sterile grains were numerously found on the heads which had been treated (under restricted sunshine or darkness) at the heading time or there about”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowers on treated heads that opened in the latter period of the treatment were the most seriously affected.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- opened at the latter period of treating duration were most seriously affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the flowers which were on these heads and opened at the latter period of treating duration were most seriously affected”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under restricted sunshine and darkness, the physiological activity of the rice plant became weaker and weaker.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- restricted sunshine and darknesse0
- Outcome
- physiological activitye0
- Direction
- weaker and weakere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under such environmental conditions (restricted sunshine and darkness), physiological activity of rice plant became weaker and weaker”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under restricted sunshine and darkness, the fertilizing ability of rice flowers decayed gradually although pollination was normal.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- restricted sunshine and darknesse0
- Outcome
- fertilizing ability of flowerse0
- Direction
- decayed graduallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under such environmental conditions (restricted sunshine and darkness), physiological activity of rice plant became weaker and weaker, and fertilizing ability of flowers decayed gradually”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under restricted sunshine, the fertilizing ability of the weaker flowers (second and third flowers on second order panicle branches) diminished.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- restricted sunshinee0
- Outcome
- fertilizing ability of the weaker flowerse0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under restricted sunshine, fertilizing ability of the weaker flowers such as the second and the third flowers on second order branches of panicles diminished”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under restricted sunshine, the fertilizing ability of the other vigorous flowers did not diminish.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- restricted sunshinee0
- Outcome
- fertilizing ability of the weaker flowerse0
- Direction
- did not diminishe0
- Qualifier
- other vigorous flowerse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under restricted sunshine, fertilizing ability of the weaker flowers such as the second and the third flowers on second order branches of panicles diminished and that of the other vigorous flowers did not diminish”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
In darkness, the fertilizing ability of vigorous flowers diminished as well as that of the weaker flowers.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- darknesse0
- Outcome
- vigorous flowerse0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but in darkness that of the vigorous flowers diminished as well as that of the weaker flowers”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest the physiological activity of the plant declines more badly in darkness than under restricted sunshine.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- darknesse0
- Outcome
- physiological activity of plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the physiological activity of plant declines more badly in darkness than under restricted sunshine”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Blasted grains were numerous in the weaker flowers of heads kept under restricted sunshine for 10 days from a few days after heading.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- restricted sunshine for 10 dayse0
- Outcome
- Blasted grainse0
- Direction
- numerously founde0
- Qualifier
- weaker flowerse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blasted grains were numerously found in the weaker flowers on the heads which had been under restricted sunshine for 10 days from few days after heading”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Blasted grains were rare in the other flowers on the same heads under restricted sunshine.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- restricted sunshine for 10 dayse0
- Outcome
- Blasted grainse0
- Direction
- raree0
- Qualifier
- other flowers on the same headse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blasted grains were numerously found in the weaker flowers on the heads which had been under restricted sunshine for 10 days from few days after heading, but they were rare in the other flowers on the same heads”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Four days of darkness scarcely influenced the occurrence of blasted grains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Darkness for 4 dayse0
- Outcome
- occurrence of blasted grainse0
- Direction
- influenced scarcelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Darkness for 4 days influenced scarcely on the occurrence of blasted grains”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors explain blasted grains under restricted sunshine by weakened physiological activity and a marked decrease in nutrient movement to kernels of the weaker flowers.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- restricted sunshinee0
- Outcome
- blasted grainse0
- Qualifier
- locomotion of nutrients to kernels of the weaker flowers shows a phenomenal decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under restricted sunshine, physiological activity of plants become weaker and weaker, as a matter of cause locomotion of nutrients to kernels of the weaker flowers shows a phenomenal decrease, then these kernels will be able to develop no more, and remain as blasted grains”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors explain the scarcity of blasted grains after 4 days of darkness by resumed nutrient movement into kernels of the weaker flowers.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 4 dayse0
- Outcome
- kernelse0
- Qualifier
- locomotion of nutrients into kernels of the weaker flowers resumes after a whilee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this condition continues only 4 days, therefore the locomotion of nutrients into kernels of the weaker flowers resumes after a while and these kernels will begin to develop again”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cutting off the upper five panicle branches, applied up to five days after heading, diminished the sterilizing percentage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- upper five branches on panicle were cut offe0
- Outcome
- sterilizing percentagee1
- Direction
- diminishede1
- Qualifier
- untill five days after headinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upper five branches on panicle were cut off”
e1“This treatment applied untill five days after heading diminished the sterilizing percentage”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cutting off the upper five panicle branches, applied up to 15 days after heading, decreased the blasting percentage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- upper five branches on panicle were cut offe0
- Outcome
- blasting percentagee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- untill 15 days after headinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upper five branches on panicle were cut off”
e1“the blasting percentage was decreased when the treatment was applied untill 15 days after heading”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cutting off upper panicle branches was more effective in decreasing blasted grains than sterile grains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- upper five branches on panicle were cut offe0
- Outcome
- decrease of blasted grainse1
- Direction
- more effectivee1
- Comparator
- sterile grainse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upper five branches on panicle were cut off”
e1“this treatment is more effective on the decrease of blasted grains than on that of sterile grains”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute blasted grains to declined flower function and nutrient movement.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- blasted grainse0
- Qualifier
- declination of flower function and nutrient locomotione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the blasted grains come of the declination of flower function and nutrient locomotion”
t0“rice”
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