Abstract
In this study, a possible weed management has been envisaged in zero-till (ZT) and conventional till (CT) wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.] with and without residue during 201314 and 201415 using residue, N and weed-control treatments. It was observed that ZT with 5 t/ha maize (Zea mays L.) residue retention (ZT + R) + 75% N + rest N-based on GreenSeeker (GS) caused a considerable reduction in the population of nar- row-leaf, broad-leaf and total weeds compared to CT and ZT without residue. Pendimethalin (PMT) followed by sulfosulfuron (SSF) application significantly reduced the weeds population and dry weight than the unweeded con- trol (UWC). Wheat yield attributes were higher in ZT with residue retention (ZT + R) than conventional-tilled treat- ments. Application of PMT @ 1 kg/ha followed by SSF 25 g/ha combined with ZT with 5 t/ha maize residue reten- tion (ZT + R) + 75% N + rest N based on GreenSeeker (GS) resulting in higher wheat yield which was comparable with that in weed-free check (WFC). Zero tillage with or without residue reduced the nutrient uptake by weeds than the conventional tillage which led to the higher uptake of nutrients by crop in zero tillage condition over the years. The sum total amount of N, P and K removed by the crop was higher in ZT + R + 75% N + rest N based on GreenSeeker (GS) than CT-R + 100% N (farmer practice) to the tune of 23.8% and 34.6% in 201314 and 2014 15, respectively. The sequential application PMT and SSF had an edge over the ready-mix application of SSF+ metsulfuron methyl (MSM) in respect of nutrients uptake by crop which was due to the reduction in nutrients up- take by weeds by the former than the later. The treatment combination ZT + R + 75% N + rest N based on GreenSeeker (GS) and sequential application of PMT-SSF secured highest output energy than the CTR + 100% N with UWC and ready-mix application of SSF + MSM. The interaction between tillage, residue and N manage- ment with weed control practices for net benefit: cost ratio revealed that irrespective of residue the zero tillage fetched the higher net benefit: cost than conventional tillage. The partial cost-benefit of sequential as well as ready-mix application of herbicide was on a par under both the tillage condition. Therefore, ZT + R + 75% N + rest N based on GreenSeeker (GS) and sequential application of PMT-SSF can be recommended for wheat produc- tion in north-western Indo-Gangetic plains of India.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage with maize residue and guided nitrogen reduced narrow-leaf, broad-leaf and total weeds.
- Treatment
- ZT with 5 t/ha maize (Zea mays L.) residue retention (ZT + R) + 75% N + rest N-based on GreenSeeker (GS)e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- population of nar- row-leaf, broad-leaf and total weedse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- CT and ZT without residuee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“It was observed that ZT with 5 t/ha maize (Zea mays L.) residue retention (ZT + R) + 75% N + rest N-based on GreenSeeker (GS) caused a considerable reduction in the population of nar- row-leaf, broad-leaf and total weeds compared to CT and ZT without residue.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential herbicide treatment reduced weed population and dry weight versus unweeded control.
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin (PMT) followed by sulfosulfuron (SSF) applicatione0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weeds population and dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- unweeded con- trol (UWC)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin (PMT) followed by sulfosulfuron (SSF) application significantly reduced the weeds population and dry weight than the unweeded con- trol (UWC).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield attributes were higher under zero tillage with residue.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- ZT with residue retention (ZT + R)e0
- Outcome
- yield attributese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- conventional-tilled treat- mentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat yield attributes were higher in ZT with residue retention (ZT + R) than conventional-tilled treat- ments.”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined sequential herbicide, zero tillage, residue and nitrogen treatment increased wheat yield to a level comparable with weed-free check.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- PMT @ 1 kg/ha followed by SSF 25 g/ha combined with ZT with 5 t/ha maize residue reten- tion (ZT + R) + 75% N + rest N based on GreenSeeker (GS)e0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- weed-free check (WFC)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of PMT @ 1 kg/ha followed by SSF 25 g/ha combined with ZT with 5 t/ha maize residue reten- tion (ZT + R) + 75% N + rest N based on GreenSeeker (GS) resulting in higher wheat yield which was comparable with that in weed-free check (WFC).”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage reduced nutrient uptake by weeds versus conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- Zero tillage with or without residuee0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake by weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Zero tillage with or without residue reduced the nutrient uptake by weeds than the conventional tillage which led to the higher uptake of nutrients by crop in zero tillage condition over the years.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop nutrient uptake was higher with zero tillage.
- Treatment
- zero tillage conditione0
- Outcome
- uptake of nutrients by crope0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Zero tillage with or without residue reduced the nutrient uptake by weeds than the conventional tillage which led to the higher uptake of nutrients by crop in zero tillage condition over the years.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop N, P and K removal was higher with guided nitrogen and residue in 201314.
- Treatment
- ZT + R + 75% N + rest N based on GreenSeeker (GS)e0
- Outcome
- N, P and K removed by the crope0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 23.8%e0
- Qualifier
- 201314e0
- Comparator
- CT-R + 100% N (farmer practice)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The sum total amount of N, P and K removed by the crop was higher in ZT + R + 75% N + rest N based on GreenSeeker (GS) than CT-R + 100% N (farmer practice) to the tune of 23.8% and 34.6% in 201314 and 2014 15, respectively.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop N, P and K removal was higher with guided nitrogen and residue in 2014 15.
- Treatment
- ZT + R + 75% N + rest N based on GreenSeeker (GS)e0
- Outcome
- N, P and K removed by the crope0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 34.6%e0
- Qualifier
- 2014 15e0
- Comparator
- CT-R + 100% N (farmer practice)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The sum total amount of N, P and K removed by the crop was higher in ZT + R + 75% N + rest N based on GreenSeeker (GS) than CT-R + 100% N (farmer practice) to the tune of 23.8% and 34.6% in 201314 and 2014 15, respectively.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential PMT and SSF gave greater crop nutrient uptake than the ready mix.
- Treatment
- sequential application PMT and SSFe0
- Outcome
- nutrients uptake by crope0
- Direction
- had an edgee0
- Comparator
- ready-mix application of SSF+ metsulfuron methyl (MSM)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The sequential application PMT and SSF had an edge over the ready-mix application of SSF+ metsulfuron methyl (MSM) in respect of nutrients uptake by crop which was due to the reduction in nutrients up- take by weeds by the former than the later.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential herbicides reduced weed nutrient uptake relative to the ready mix.
- Treatment
- sequential application PMT and SSFe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- nutrients up- take by weedse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- ready-mix application of SSF+ metsulfuron methyl (MSM)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The sequential application PMT and SSF had an edge over the ready-mix application of SSF+ metsulfuron methyl (MSM) in respect of nutrients uptake by crop which was due to the reduction in nutrients up- take by weeds by the former than the later.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined zero tillage, guided nitrogen and sequential herbicides gave the highest output energy.
- Treatment
- ZT + R + 75% N + rest N based on GreenSeeker (GS) and sequential application of PMT-SSFe0
- Outcome
- output energye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- CTR + 100% N with UWC and ready-mix application of SSF + MSMe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The treatment combination ZT + R + 75% N + rest N based on GreenSeeker (GS) and sequential application of PMT-SSF secured highest output energy than the CTR + 100% N with UWC and ready-mix application of SSF + MSM.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage gave a higher net benefit to cost ratio than conventional tillage regardless of residue.
- Treatment
- zero tillagee0
- Outcome
- net benefit: coste0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- irrespective of residuee0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The interaction between tillage, residue and N manage- ment with weed control practices for net benefit: cost ratio revealed that irrespective of residue the zero tillage fetched the higher net benefit: cost than conventional tillage.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential and ready-mix herbicides had similar partial cost benefit under both tillage conditions.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The partial cost-benefit of sequential as well as ready-mix application of herbicide was on a par under both the tillage condition.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend zero tillage with residue, guided nitrogen and sequential herbicides for wheat production.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- ZT + R + 75% N + rest N based on GreenSeeker (GS) and sequential application of PMT-SSFe0
- Setting
- north-western Indo-Gangetic plains of Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Therefore, ZT + R + 75% N + rest N based on GreenSeeker (GS) and sequential application of PMT-SSF can be recommended for wheat produc- tion in north-western Indo-Gangetic plains of India.”
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See all 145 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.