Abstract
Water scarcity, high temperature, poor sowing methods and weeds infestation are the limiting factors in crop production. To determine the effect of sowing methods and mulching on weed density in wheat crop under deficit irrigation, an experiment was conducted at New developmental Farm of The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan under clay loam soil conditions during 2011-12. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with split split plot arrangement having three replications. Three factors i.e. sowing methods, mulch and deficit irrigation with four levels i.e. full irrigation (DI0), 20% deficit (DI20), 40% deficit (DI40) and 60% deficit (DI60) were studied. Soil moisture was continuously monitored and full irrigation was determined on the basis of MAD 50%. Sowing methods were consisted of raised bed and flat bed cultivation while maize stover was used as mulch. Findings of the study indicated that sowing methods, mulching and irrigation levels had considerably influenced weed density, yield and yield components of wheat. Raised bed cultivation had more number of spikes m -2 , 1000-grain weight, grain yield and harvest index with lowest weed density as compared to traditional flat bed sowing. Likewise, application of maize stover @ 4 tons ha -1 as a surface mulch enhanced wheat yield and decreased weeds germination. In case of irrigation levels, full irrigation resulted an increase in weeds density, spikes m -2 , 1000grain weight, yield and harvest index of wheat crop. It was concluded that raise bed cultivation, mulching with maize stover and 20% deficit irrigation reduced weeds density and enhanced wheat yield under the semi arid environment of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Raised beds produced more spikes per square metre, grain weight, yield and harvest index than flat beds.
- Taxon
- WHEAT CROP
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Raised bed cultivatione0
- Outcome
- number of spikes m -2 , 1000-grain weight, grain yield and harvest indexe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- traditional flat bed sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Raised bed cultivation had more number of spikes m -2 , 1000-grain weight, grain yield and harvest index with lowest weed density as compared to traditional flat bed sowing”
t0“EFFECT OF SOWING METHODS AND MULCHING ON WEED DENSITY IN WHEAT CROP UNDER DEFICIT IRRIGATION”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised beds had the lowest weed density compared with flat beds.
- Taxon
- WHEAT CROPTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Raised bed cultivatione0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- traditional flat bed sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Raised bed cultivation had more number of spikes m -2 , 1000-grain weight, grain yield and harvest index with lowest weed density as compared to traditional flat bed sowing”
t0“EFFECT OF SOWING METHODS AND MULCHING ON WEED DENSITY IN WHEAT CROP UNDER DEFICIT IRRIGATION”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize stover surface mulch increased wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- maize stover @ 4 tons ha -1 as a surface mulche0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of maize stover @ 4 tons ha -1 as a surface mulch enhanced wheat yield and decreased weeds germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize stover surface mulch reduced weed germination.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- maize stover @ 4 tons ha -1 as a surface mulche0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weeds germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of maize stover @ 4 tons ha -1 as a surface mulch enhanced wheat yield and decreased weeds germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Full irrigation increased weed density.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- full irrigatione0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weeds densitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“full irrigation resulted an increase in weeds density, spikes m -2 , 1000grain weight, yield and harvest index of wheat crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Full irrigation increased wheat spikes, grain weight, yield and harvest index.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- full irrigatione0
- Outcome
- spikes m -2 , 1000grain weight, yield and harvest indexe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“full irrigation resulted an increase in weeds density, spikes m -2 , 1000grain weight, yield and harvest index of wheat crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors conclude raised beds, maize stover mulch and 20% deficit irrigation reduce weeds and improve wheat yield in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- raise bed cultivation, mulching with maize stover and 20% deficit irrigatione0
- Outcome
- reduced weeds density and enhanced wheat yielde0
- Setting
- Khyber Pakhtunkhwae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“raise bed cultivation, mulching with maize stover and 20% deficit irrigation reduced weeds density and enhanced wheat yield under the semi arid environment of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa”
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