Abstract
The effect of increasing NaCl concentrations on biomass, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ascorbic acid (ASC), proline and total thiol, and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gara-Yonjeh) were investigated. The dry weights of roots and shoots with increasing NaCl concentrations decreased progressively, and the strongest toxicity was detected at NaCl treatment of 200 mM. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the leaves increased gradually up to NaCl concentrations of 100, while the higher concentration of NaCl reduced SOD activity in both leaves and roots. The maximum levels of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were increased at 150 mM and 100 mM NaCl in leaves and roots of Gara-Yonjeh, respectively. Peroxidase (POD) activity in roots of Gara-Yonjeh increased (82% at 200 mM) by salinity, while it decreased (43% at 200 mM) in leaves. In contrast, catalase (CAT) activitiy increased (84% at 200 mM) in leaves, and decreased (57% at 200 mM) in the roots of Gara-Yonjeh. Electrophoresis analysis suggested that different patterns in SOD, CAT and POD isoenzymes depend on NaCl concentrations, and the staining intensities of these isoforms are supported the results obtained from the spectrophotometric determinations. In POD and CAT, activity of isoform III was detected at all concentrations, by a “low-high-low” pattern, with the maximum activity at 50 mM of NaCl. Results imply that the function of antioxidant systems in higher NaCl concentration is responsible for the salt tolerance observed in Gara-Yonjeh.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Root and shoot dry weights progressively decreased with increasing NaCl.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae1 - Material
- Gara-Yonjehe1
- Treatment
- increasing NaCl concentrationse0
- Outcome
- dry weights of roots and shootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dry weights of roots and shoots with increasing NaCl concentrations decreased progressively”
e1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gara-Yonjeh)”
Claim · model-written summary
The strongest toxicity occurred at 200 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- NaCl treatment of 200 mMe0
- Outcome
- toxicitye0
- Direction
- strongeste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the strongest toxicity was detected at NaCl treatment of 200 mM”
e1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gara-Yonjeh)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf SOD activity gradually rose through NaCl concentration 100.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- NaCl concentrations of 100e0
- Outcome
- Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the leaves increased gradually up to NaCl concentrations of 100”
e1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gara-Yonjeh)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher NaCl reduced SOD activity in leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- higher concentration of NaCle0
- Outcome
- SOD activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the higher concentration of NaCl reduced SOD activity in both leaves and roots”
e1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gara-Yonjeh)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf APX activity peaked at 150 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Material
- Gara-Yonjehe0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- 150 mMe0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activitye0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum levels of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were increased at 150 mM and 100 mM NaCl in leaves and roots of Gara-Yonjeh, respectively”
e1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gara-Yonjeh)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root APX activity peaked at 100 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Material
- Gara-Yonjehe0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- 100 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activitye0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum levels of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were increased at 150 mM and 100 mM NaCl in leaves and roots of Gara-Yonjeh, respectively”
e1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gara-Yonjeh)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root POD activity increased 82% at 200 mM salinity.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Material
- Gara-Yonjehe0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Peroxidase (POD) activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 82%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Peroxidase (POD) activity in roots of Gara-Yonjeh increased (82% at 200 mM) by salinity”
e1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gara-Yonjeh)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf POD activity decreased 43% at 200 mM.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae2
- Material
- Gara-Yonjehe1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- Peroxidase (POD) activitye1
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 43%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it decreased (43% at 200 mM) in leaves”
e1“Peroxidase (POD) activity in roots of Gara-Yonjeh increased (82% at 200 mM) by salinity”
e2“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gara-Yonjeh)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf CAT activity increased 84% at 200 mM.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- 200 mMe0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT) activitiye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 84%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“catalase (CAT) activitiy increased (84% at 200 mM) in leaves”
e1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gara-Yonjeh)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root CAT activity decreased 57% at 200 mM.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae2
- Material
- Gara-Yonjehe0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- 200 mMe0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT) activitiye1
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 57%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased (57% at 200 mM) in the roots of Gara-Yonjeh”
e1“catalase (CAT) activitiy increased (84% at 200 mM) in leaves”
e2“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gara-Yonjeh)”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD, CAT and POD isoenzyme patterns depended on NaCl concentration.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- NaCl concentrationse0
- Outcome
- different patterns in SOD, CAT and POD isoenzymese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“different patterns in SOD, CAT and POD isoenzymes depend on NaCl concentrations”
e1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gara-Yonjeh)”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoform III of POD and CAT showed a low-high-low pattern, peaking at 50 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- 50 mM of NaCle0
- Outcome
- activity of isoform IIIe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- low-high-lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In POD and CAT, activity of isoform III was detected at all concentrations, by a “low-high-low” pattern, with the maximum activity at 50 mM of NaCl.”
e1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gara-Yonjeh)”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant systems were implicated in salt tolerance at higher NaCl.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Material
- Gara-Yonjehe0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- function of antioxidant systems in higher NaCl concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the function of antioxidant systems in higher NaCl concentration is responsible for the salt tolerance observed in Gara-Yonjeh”
e1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gara-Yonjeh)”
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