Abstract
The responses of seed germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa cv. Yueza 223), wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Gaoyun 5) and maize (Zea mays cv. Shangyu 2) to simulated acid rain were investigated by dipping seeds into solution of pH2.5, 4.5 and 5.6 made from mixtures of H2SO4 and HNO3, and into distilled water (control). Different pH (2. 5, 4.5, 5.6) simulated acid rain showed no effect on seed germination of rice and wheat, but significant inhibition effect was found in the germination of maize. Seedling growth of rice , wheat and maize was inhibited by simulated acid rain. Biomass and contents of chlorophyll and ca rotenoids decreased to some extent in all the three crop species grown under simulated aci d rain, whereas no obvious changes in Chl a/b was exhibited in these crops. There was little effect on Fv/Fm and photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (qP) in leaves of maize grown at pH 4.5 or 5.6 of simulated acid rain, but nonphotochemical quenching of chlo rophyll fluorescence (NPQ) decreased markedly, revealing that non-radiation energy dissi pation in the antenna of photosystem II was possibly damaged under acid rain condition.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated acid rain had no effect on rice seed germination.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- simulated acid raine0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Comparator
- distilled water (control)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Different pH (2. 5, 4.5, 5.6) simulated acid rain showed no effect on seed germination of rice”
e1“distilled water (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated acid rain had no effect on wheat seed germination.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- simulated acid raine0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Comparator
- distilled water (control)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“simulated acid rain showed no effect on seed germination of rice and wheat”
e1“distilled water (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated acid rain significantly inhibited maize germination.
- Treatment
- simulated acid raine1
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Comparator
- distilled water (control)e2
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant inhibition effect was found in the germination of maize”
e1“simulated acid rain showed no effect on seed germination of rice and wheat, but significant inhibition effect”
e2“distilled water (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated acid rain inhibited rice seedling growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- simulated acid raine0
- Outcome
- Seedling growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- distilled water (control)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling growth of rice , wheat and maize was inhibited by simulated acid rain.”
e1“distilled water (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated acid rain inhibited wheat seedling growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- simulated acid raine0
- Outcome
- Seedling growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- distilled water (control)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling growth of rice , wheat and maize was inhibited by simulated acid rain.”
e1“distilled water (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated acid rain inhibited maize seedling growth.
- Treatment
- simulated acid raine0
- Outcome
- Seedling growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- distilled water (control)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling growth of rice , wheat and maize was inhibited by simulated acid rain.”
e1“distilled water (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass, chlorophyll and carotenoid content decreased in all three crops under simulated acid rain.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- simulated aci d raine0
- Outcome
- Biomass and contents of chlorophyll and ca rotenoidse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- all the three crop speciese0
- Comparator
- distilled water (control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biomass and contents of chlorophyll and ca rotenoids decreased to some extent in all the three crop species grown under simulated aci d rain”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa cv. Yueza 223), wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Gaoyun 5) and maize (Zea mays cv. Shangyu 2)”
e2“distilled water (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll a/b showed no obvious change in the three crops.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- Chl a/be0
- Direction
- no obvious changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no obvious changes in Chl a/b was exhibited in these crops”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa cv. Yueza 223), wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Gaoyun 5) and maize (Zea mays cv. Shangyu 2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize Fv/Fm and photochemical quenching changed little at pH 4.5 or 5.6.
- Treatment
- pH 4.5 or 5.6 of simulated acid raine0
- Outcome
- Fv/Fm and photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (qP)e0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was little effect on Fv/Fm and photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (qP) in leaves of maize grown at pH 4.5 or 5.6 of simulated acid rain”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize nonphotochemical quenching decreased markedly.
- Treatment
- pH 4.5 or 5.6 of simulated acid raine1
- Outcome
- nonphotochemical quenching of chlo rophyll fluorescence (NPQ)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nonphotochemical quenching of chlo rophyll fluorescence (NPQ) decreased markedly”
e1“leaves of maize grown at pH 4.5 or 5.6 of simulated acid rain”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.