Abstract
Ammonium toxicity in hydroponically grown crops can affect tomato development. However, it has been shown that the silicon (Si) attenuates ammonium toxicity in plants depending on the plant species, the stage of development and the ammonium concentration in the nutrient solution. Thus, in order to investigate how Si attenuates stress caused by ammonium in tomato, a study was carried out involving plants cultivated up to 40 days after seed germination using nutrient solutions containing ammonium concentrations (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mmol L−1), in the absence or presence of Si (1 mmol L−1). The accumulation and efficiency of nitrogen and Si use, as well as the concentrations of chlorophyll, carotenoids, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and growth parameters was assessed. At a concentration of 1 mmol L−1 ammonium, Si increases the accumulation of nitrogen and Si, the nitrogen use efficiency, the root area and dry biomass of the shoot. At concentrations of 1 and 2 mmol L−1 ammonium, Si increases the leaf area and root dry biomass, and in higher concentrations, there was no effect of Si after the supply of ammonium. It was observed that the addition of Si mitigates ammonium toxicity by 1 mmol L−1 ammonium, and we can recommend its use in the nutrient solution (Si = 1 mmol L−1) to grow tomato cropsthat employs ammonium concentration of 1 mmol L−1.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
At 1 mmol L-1 ammonium, silicon increased nitrogen and silicon accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Sie1
- Outcome
- accumulation of nitrogen and Sie1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Qualifier
- At a concentration of 1 mmol L−1 ammoniume1
- Comparator
- absencee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mitigation of ammonium toxicity by silicon in tomato”
e1“At a concentration of 1 mmol L−1 ammonium, Si increases the accumulation of nitrogen and Si, the nitrogen use efficiency, the root area and dry biomass of the shoot”
e2“in the absence or presence of Si (1 mmol L−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1 mmol L-1 ammonium, silicon increased nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Sie1
- Outcome
- the nitrogen use efficiencye1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Qualifier
- At a concentration of 1 mmol L−1 ammoniume1
- Comparator
- absencee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mitigation of ammonium toxicity by silicon in tomato”
e1“At a concentration of 1 mmol L−1 ammonium, Si increases the accumulation of nitrogen and Si, the nitrogen use efficiency, the root area and dry biomass of the shoot”
e2“in the absence or presence of Si (1 mmol L−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1 mmol L-1 ammonium, silicon increased root area and shoot dry biomass.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Sie1
- Outcome
- root area and dry biomass of the shoote1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Qualifier
- At a concentration of 1 mmol L−1 ammoniume1
- Comparator
- absencee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mitigation of ammonium toxicity by silicon in tomato”
e1“At a concentration of 1 mmol L−1 ammonium, Si increases the accumulation of nitrogen and Si, the nitrogen use efficiency, the root area and dry biomass of the shoot”
e2“in the absence or presence of Si (1 mmol L−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1 and 2 mmol L-1 ammonium, silicon increased leaf area and root dry biomass.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Sie5
- Outcome
- leaf area and root dry biomasse5
- Direction
- increasese5
- Qualifier
- At concentrations of 1 and 2 mmol L−1 ammoniume5
- Comparator
- absencee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mitigation of ammonium toxicity by silicon in tomato”
e5“At concentrations of 1 and 2 mmol L−1 ammonium, Si increases the leaf area and root dry biomass, and in higher concentrations, there was no effect of Si after the supply of ammonium”
e2“in the absence or presence of Si (1 mmol L−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
At higher ammonium concentrations, silicon had no effect after the supply of ammonium.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Sie5
- Outcome
- effect of Sie5
- Direction
- no effecte5
- Qualifier
- in higher concentrationse5
- Comparator
- absencee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mitigation of ammonium toxicity by silicon in tomato”
e5“At concentrations of 1 and 2 mmol L−1 ammonium, Si increases the leaf area and root dry biomass, and in higher concentrations, there was no effect of Si after the supply of ammonium”
e2“in the absence or presence of Si (1 mmol L−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding silicon mitigated ammonium toxicity at 1 mmol L-1 ammonium.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- addition of Sie3
- Outcome
- ammonium toxicitye3
- Direction
- mitigatese3
- Qualifier
- by 1 mmol L−1 ammoniume3
- Comparator
- absencee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mitigation of ammonium toxicity by silicon in tomato”
e3“It was observed that the addition of Si mitigates ammonium toxicity by 1 mmol L−1 ammonium, and we can recommend its use in the nutrient solution (Si = 1 mmol L−1) to grow tomato cropsthat employs ammonium concentration of 1 mmol L−1”
e2“in the absence or presence of Si (1 mmol L−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon at 1 mmol L-1 is recommended for the nutrient solution used to grow tomato at 1 mmol L-1 ammonium.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- its use in the nutrient solutione3
- Qualifier
- Si = 1 mmol L−1e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mitigation of ammonium toxicity by silicon in tomato”
e3“It was observed that the addition of Si mitigates ammonium toxicity by 1 mmol L−1 ammonium, and we can recommend its use in the nutrient solution (Si = 1 mmol L−1) to grow tomato cropsthat employs ammonium concentration of 1 mmol L−1”
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