Abstract
Tomato plants often grow in saline environments in Mediterranean countries where salt accumulation in the soil is a major abiotic stress that limits its productivity. However, silicon (Si) supplementation has been reported to improve tolerance against several forms of abiotic stress. The primary aim of our study was to investigate, using comparative physiological and proteomic approaches, salinity stress in chloroplasts of tomato under silicon supplementation. Tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were grown in nutrient media in the presence or absence of NaCl and supplemented with silicon for 5 days. Salinity stress caused oxidative damage, followed by a decrease in silicon concentrations in the leaves of the tomato plants. However, supplementation with silicon had an overall protective effect against this stress. The major physiological parameters measured in our studies including total chlorophyll and carotenoid content were largely decreased under salinity stress, but were recovered in the presence of silicon. Insufficient levels of net-photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance were also largely improved by silicon supplementation. Proteomics analysis of chloroplasts analyzed by 2D-BN-PAGE (second-dimensional blue native polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis) revealed a high sensitivity of multiprotein complex proteins (MCPs) such as photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII) to the presence of saline. A significant reduction in cytochrome b6/f and the ATP-synthase complex was also alleviated by silicon during salinity stress, while the complex forms of light harvesting complex trimers and monomers (LHCs) were rapidly up-regulated. Our results suggest that silicon plays an important role in moderating damage to chloroplasts and their metabolism in saline environments. We therefore hypothesize that tomato plants have a greater capacity for tolerating saline stress through the improvement of photosynthetic metabolism and chloroplast proteome expression after silicon supplementation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity caused oxidative damage in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity stress caused oxidative damage, followed by a decrease in silicon concentrations in the leaves of the tomato plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased leaf silicon concentrations.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- silicon concentrations in the leavese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity stress caused oxidative damage, followed by a decrease in silicon concentrations in the leaves of the tomato plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased chlorophyll and carotenoid content.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll and carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total chlorophyll and carotenoid content were largely decreased under salinity stress, but were recovered in the presence of silicon.”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon restored chlorophyll and carotenoid content under salinity.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- silicone0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll and carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- recoverede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total chlorophyll and carotenoid content were largely decreased under salinity stress, but were recovered in the presence of silicon.”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon improved net photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- silicon supplementatione0
- Outcome
- net-photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insufficient levels of net-photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance were also largely improved by silicon supplementation.”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroplast photosystems I and II were sensitive to salinity.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- salinee0
- Gene
- photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII)e0
- Outcome
- high sensitivity of multiprotein complex proteins (MCPs)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“revealed a high sensitivity of multiprotein complex proteins (MCPs) such as photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII) to the presence of saline.”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced cytochrome b6/f and ATP-synthase complex abundance.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- cytochrome b6/f and the ATP-synthase complexe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant reduction in cytochrome b6/f and the ATP-synthase complex was also alleviated by silicon during salinity stress”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon alleviated reductions in cytochrome b6/f and ATP-synthase complex.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- silicone0
- Outcome
- cytochrome b6/f and the ATP-synthase complexe0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant reduction in cytochrome b6/f and the ATP-synthase complex was also alleviated by silicon during salinity stress”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Light harvesting complex trimers and monomers were rapidly up-regulated.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- light harvesting complex trimers and monomers (LHCs)e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the complex forms of light harvesting complex trimers and monomers (LHCs) were rapidly up-regulated.”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum L.”
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See all 82 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.