Abstract
In order to investigate the long-term effects of soil copper(Cu)contamination on yield formation of rice,a 5-year(2006—2010) experiment was conducted in cement tanks.Clay loam soil was treated with 3 different Cu levels(CK,32 mg.kg-1;200 mg.kg-1 and 400 mg.kg-1)in 2006,the first year of this long-term trial.No further Cu was added into the experiment plots in the following years.A indica rice variety Aizizhan and a two-line hybrid combination Liangyoupeijiu were used as the testing materials.High Cu treatments delayed rice phenology in the early stage of trial,namely 2007 and 2008.The maturing date was delayed by 2～5 days and 6～7 days for the soil Cu levels of 200 mg.kg-1 and 400 mg.kg-1,respectively.No phenology changes were observed in the late stage of trial.The tilliering ability of two varieties were inhibited by soil Cu contamination,but the inhibition declined by years.An average yield reduction of 17% by 200 mg.kg-1 Cu treatment and 24% by 400 mg.kg-1 Cu treatment were observed in 2007.The rice yield reduction became smaller in the following years,and no treatment effects were detected in the latter 2 years.The rice yield reduction under Cu contaminated conditions were mainly due to the decrease of panicles per unit area and spikelet number per panicle,since Cu treatments did not change filled grain percentage and grain weight of rice.Correlation analysis showed that exchangeable Cu concentrations(ECC)in top soil were significantly correlated with the phenology delay,tiller number,panicle number per unit area,spikelet number per panicle and grain yield.These results indicated that soil Cu contamination could inhibit rice growth and tillering,reduce panicle number and number of spikelets per panicle,and eventually lead to rice yield decrease;The negative effects of soil Cu contamination on rice growth and yield were reduced by years,and it could be attributed to the continuous reduction of ECC in top soil.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
High soil Cu delayed rice phenology in 2007 and 2008.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- High Cu treatmentse0
- Outcome
- rice phenologye0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Qualifier
- 2007 and 2008e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High Cu treatments delayed rice phenology in the early stage of trial,namely 2007 and 2008”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 mg.kg-1 Cu, maturity was delayed 2～5 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 200 mg.kg-1e0
- Outcome
- maturing datee0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 2～5 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maturing date was delayed by 2～5 days and 6～7 days for the soil Cu levels of 200 mg.kg-1 and 400 mg.kg-1,respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At 400 mg.kg-1 Cu, maturity was delayed 6～7 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 400 mg.kg-1e0
- Outcome
- maturing datee0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 6～7 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maturing date was delayed by 2～5 days and 6～7 days for the soil Cu levels of 200 mg.kg-1 and 400 mg.kg-1,respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
No phenology changes were observed late in the trial.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- phenology changese0
- Direction
- Noe0
- Qualifier
- late stage of triale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No phenology changes were observed in the late stage of trial”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Cu inhibited tillering in both varieties, with declining inhibition over time.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- soil Cu contaminatione0
- Outcome
- tilliering abilitye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- inhibition declined by yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tilliering ability of two varieties were inhibited by soil Cu contamination,but the inhibition declined by years”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
200 mg.kg-1 Cu reduced mean yield 17% in 2007.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 200 mg.kg-1 Cu treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 17%e0
- Qualifier
- 2007e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An average yield reduction of 17% by 200 mg.kg-1 Cu treatment and 24% by 400 mg.kg-1 Cu treatment were observed in 2007”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
400 mg.kg-1 Cu reduced mean yield 24% in 2007.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 400 mg.kg-1 Cu treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Qualifier
- 2007e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An average yield reduction of 17% by 200 mg.kg-1 Cu treatment and 24% by 400 mg.kg-1 Cu treatment were observed in 2007”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu associated yield reductions weakened subsequently and were undetectable in the final two years.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- rice yield reductione0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Qualifier
- latter 2 yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rice yield reduction became smaller in the following years,and no treatment effects were detected in the latter 2 years”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu reduced panicle number per unit area.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cu contaminated conditionse0
- Outcome
- panicles per unit areae0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice yield reduction under Cu contaminated conditions were mainly due to the decrease of panicles per unit area and spikelet number per panicle”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu reduced spikelet number per panicle.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cu contaminated conditionse0
- Outcome
- spikelet number per paniclee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice yield reduction under Cu contaminated conditions were mainly due to the decrease of panicles per unit area and spikelet number per panicle”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu treatments did not change filled grain percentage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cu treatmentse0
- Outcome
- filled grain percentagee0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cu treatments did not change filled grain percentage and grain weight of rice”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu treatments did not change grain weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cu treatmentse0
- Outcome
- grain weighte0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cu treatments did not change filled grain percentage and grain weight of rice”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Topsoil exchangeable Cu was significantly correlated with phenology delay and tiller number.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- exchangeable Cu concentrations(ECC)e0
- Outcome
- phenology delay,tiller numbere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exchangeable Cu concentrations(ECC)in top soil were significantly correlated with the phenology delay,tiller number,panicle number per unit area,spikelet number per panicle and grain yield”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Topsoil exchangeable Cu was significantly correlated with panicle number, spikelets per panicle and grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- exchangeable Cu concentrations(ECC)e0
- Outcome
- panicle number per unit area,spikelet number per panicle and grain yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exchangeable Cu concentrations(ECC)in top soil were significantly correlated with the phenology delay,tiller number,panicle number per unit area,spikelet number per panicle and grain yield”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed declining Cu harm to reduced topsoil exchangeable Cu.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- ECCe0
- Outcome
- negative effects of soil Cu contamination on rice growth and yielde0
- Qualifier
- continuous reduction of ECC in top soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The negative effects of soil Cu contamination on rice growth and yield were reduced by years,and it could be attributed to the continuous reduction of ECC in top soil”
t0“Rice”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction
- positive
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38 papers more in this group
See all 42 papers →copper atom · quality: phytochemicals · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.