Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the nitrogen uptake by rice and the nitrogen supply by soil in a wheat-rice rotation system, and approach the mechanisms for the increased fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of rice under the combined fertilization from the viewpoint of microbiology. Comparing with applying inorganic fertilizers, combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers decreased the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and soil mineral nitrogen contents before tillering stage, but increased them significantly from heading to filling stage. Under the combined fertilization, the dynamics of soil nitrogen supply matched best the dynamics of rice nitrogen uptake and utilization, which promoted the nitrogen accumulation in rice plant and the increase of rice yield and biomass, and increased the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of rice significantly. Combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers also promoted the propagation of soil microbes, and consequently, more mineral nitrogen in soil was immobilized by the microbes at rice early growth stage, and the immobilized nitrogen was gradually released at the mid and late growth stages of rice, being able to better satisfy the nitrogen demand of rice in its various growth and development stages.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Combined organic and inorganic fertilization decreased soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and soil mineral nitrogen before the tillering stage compared with inorganic fertilizers.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and soil mineral nitrogen contentse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- before tillering stagee1
- Comparator
- applying inorganic fertilizerse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen use efficiency of rice”
e1“Comparing with applying inorganic fertilizers, combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers decreased the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and soil mineral nitrogen contents before tillering stage, but increased them significantly from heading to filling stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined organic and inorganic fertilization increased soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and soil mineral nitrogen significantly from heading to filling stage compared with inorganic fertilizers.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and soil mineral nitrogen contentse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- from heading to filling stagee1
- Comparator
- applying inorganic fertilizerse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen use efficiency of rice”
e1“Comparing with applying inorganic fertilizers, combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers decreased the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and soil mineral nitrogen contents before tillering stage, but increased them significantly from heading to filling stage”
Claim · model-written summary
The dynamics of soil nitrogen supply matched best the dynamics of rice nitrogen uptake and utilization under combined fertilization.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined fertilizatione2
- Outcome
- dynamics of soil nitrogen supplye2
- Direction
- matched beste2
- Comparator
- dynamics of rice nitrogen uptake and utilizatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen use efficiency of rice”
e2“Under the combined fertilization, the dynamics of soil nitrogen supply matched best the dynamics of rice nitrogen uptake and utilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fertilization promoted the nitrogen accumulation in rice plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined fertilizatione2
- Outcome
- nitrogen accumulation in rice plante3
- Direction
- promotede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen use efficiency of rice”
e2“Under the combined fertilization, the dynamics of soil nitrogen supply matched best the dynamics of rice nitrogen uptake and utilization”
e3“which promoted the nitrogen accumulation in rice plant and the increase of rice yield and biomass, and increased the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of rice significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fertilization increased rice yield and biomass.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined fertilizatione2
- Outcome
- rice yield and biomasse3
- Direction
- increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen use efficiency of rice”
e2“Under the combined fertilization, the dynamics of soil nitrogen supply matched best the dynamics of rice nitrogen uptake and utilization”
e3“which promoted the nitrogen accumulation in rice plant and the increase of rice yield and biomass, and increased the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of rice significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fertilization significantly increased the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined fertilizatione2
- Outcome
- fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of ricee3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen use efficiency of rice”
e2“Under the combined fertilization, the dynamics of soil nitrogen supply matched best the dynamics of rice nitrogen uptake and utilization”
e3“which promoted the nitrogen accumulation in rice plant and the increase of rice yield and biomass, and increased the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of rice significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers promoted the propagation of soil microbes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizerse4
- Outcome
- propagation of soil microbese4
- Direction
- promotede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen use efficiency of rice”
e4“Combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers also promoted the propagation of soil microbes”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial immobilization of soil mineral nitrogen at the early rice growth stage and its release at mid and late stages explain the higher fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of ricee3
- Qualifier
- immobilized by the microbes at rice early growth stagee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen use efficiency of rice”
e3“which promoted the nitrogen accumulation in rice plant and the increase of rice yield and biomass, and increased the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of rice significantly”
e5“more mineral nitrogen in soil was immobilized by the microbes at rice early growth stage, and the immobilized nitrogen was gradually released at the mid and late growth stages of rice”
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See all 3,455 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.