Abstract
The effects of oxygen-increasing patterns in paddy fields on rice yield formation and grain-filling dynamics were investigated in a two-year field experiment(2008-2009) under three oxygen-increasing patterns,including application of urea peroxide as topdressing(T1),application of calcium peroxide as topdressing(T2) and dry-wet alternate irrigation(T3),with continuous submerged irrigation as control(CK).The Richards equation was used to simulate grain filling processes of two rice genotypes(Guodao 1 and Xiushui 09) under different oxygen-increasing patterns.Compared with the control(CK),the yields of Guodao 1(indica) under T1,T2 and T3 were increased by 11.6%,8.5% and 13.6% in 2008 and 16.8%,14.4% and 23.0% in 2009;Similarly,the yields of Xiushui 09(japonica)under T1,T2 and T3 were increased by 6.6%,9.2% and 9.4% in 2008,and 14.6%,17.2% and 17.4% in 2009,respectively.Rice grain-filling process fitted well with the Richards equation(R20.989),and the main effects of oxygen-increasing patterns on rice grain-filling were as follows: 1) Maximum grain weight of inferior and superior grains were both increased with smaller difference in grain weight between the two genotypes and improved grain-filling synchronism;2) Inferior grains of the two rice genotypes had a full grain filling process.The oxygen-increasing patterns extended the grain-filling duration of inferior grains of Guodao 1,and increased the grain-filling rate of inferior grains of Xiushui 09.3) Full grain-filling of the inferior grains was mainly contributed to higher seed setting rate and yield of the genotypes under the increasing-oxygen patterns in paddy fields.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with continuous submerged irrigation, urea peroxide topdressing (T1) increased the yield of rice Guodao 1 by 11.6% in 2008.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- Guodao 1e2
- Treatment
- application of urea peroxide as topdressing(T1)e0
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 11.6%e2
- Qualifier
- 2008e2
- Comparator
- continuous submerged irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“application of urea peroxide as topdressing(T1)”
e1“continuous submerged irrigation as control(CK)”
e2“the yields of Guodao 1(indica) under T1,T2 and T3 were increased by 11.6%,8.5% and 13.6% in 2008 and 16.8%,14.4% and 23.0% in 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with continuous submerged irrigation, calcium peroxide topdressing (T2) increased the yield of rice Guodao 1 by 8.5% in 2008.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Guodao 1e2
- Treatment
- application of calcium peroxide as topdressing(T2)e0
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 8.5%e2
- Qualifier
- 2008e2
- Comparator
- continuous submerged irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“application of calcium peroxide as topdressing(T2)”
e1“continuous submerged irrigation as control(CK)”
e2“the yields of Guodao 1(indica) under T1,T2 and T3 were increased by 11.6%,8.5% and 13.6% in 2008 and 16.8%,14.4% and 23.0% in 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with continuous submerged irrigation, dry-wet alternate irrigation (T3) increased the yield of rice Guodao 1 by 13.6% in 2008.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Guodao 1e2
- Treatment
- dry-wet alternate irrigation(T3)e0
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 13.6%e2
- Qualifier
- 2008e2
- Comparator
- continuous submerged irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“dry-wet alternate irrigation(T3)”
e1“continuous submerged irrigation as control(CK)”
e2“the yields of Guodao 1(indica) under T1,T2 and T3 were increased by 11.6%,8.5% and 13.6% in 2008 and 16.8%,14.4% and 23.0% in 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with continuous submerged irrigation, urea peroxide topdressing (T1) increased the yield of rice Guodao 1 by 16.8% in 2009.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Guodao 1e2
- Treatment
- application of urea peroxide as topdressing(T1)e0
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 16.8%e2
- Qualifier
- 2009e2
- Comparator
- continuous submerged irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“application of urea peroxide as topdressing(T1)”
e1“continuous submerged irrigation as control(CK)”
e2“the yields of Guodao 1(indica) under T1,T2 and T3 were increased by 11.6%,8.5% and 13.6% in 2008 and 16.8%,14.4% and 23.0% in 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with continuous submerged irrigation, calcium peroxide topdressing (T2) increased the yield of rice Guodao 1 by 14.4% in 2009.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Guodao 1e2
- Treatment
- application of calcium peroxide as topdressing(T2)e0
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 14.4%e2
- Qualifier
- 2009e2
- Comparator
- continuous submerged irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“application of calcium peroxide as topdressing(T2)”
e1“continuous submerged irrigation as control(CK)”
e2“the yields of Guodao 1(indica) under T1,T2 and T3 were increased by 11.6%,8.5% and 13.6% in 2008 and 16.8%,14.4% and 23.0% in 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with continuous submerged irrigation, dry-wet alternate irrigation (T3) increased the yield of rice Guodao 1 by 23.0% in 2009.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Guodao 1e2
- Treatment
- dry-wet alternate irrigation(T3)e0
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 23.0%e2
- Qualifier
- 2009e2
- Comparator
- continuous submerged irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“dry-wet alternate irrigation(T3)”
e1“continuous submerged irrigation as control(CK)”
e2“the yields of Guodao 1(indica) under T1,T2 and T3 were increased by 11.6%,8.5% and 13.6% in 2008 and 16.8%,14.4% and 23.0% in 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with continuous submerged irrigation, urea peroxide topdressing (T1) increased the yield of rice Xiushui 09 by 6.6% in 2008.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Xiushui 09e2
- Treatment
- application of urea peroxide as topdressing(T1)e0
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 6.6%e2
- Qualifier
- 2008e2
- Comparator
- continuous submerged irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“application of urea peroxide as topdressing(T1)”
e1“continuous submerged irrigation as control(CK)”
e2“the yields of Xiushui 09(japonica)under T1,T2 and T3 were increased by 6.6%,9.2% and 9.4% in 2008,and 14.6%,17.2% and 17.4% in 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with continuous submerged irrigation, calcium peroxide topdressing (T2) increased the yield of rice Xiushui 09 by 9.2% in 2008.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Xiushui 09e2
- Treatment
- application of calcium peroxide as topdressing(T2)e0
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 9.2%e2
- Qualifier
- 2008e2
- Comparator
- continuous submerged irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“application of calcium peroxide as topdressing(T2)”
e1“continuous submerged irrigation as control(CK)”
e2“the yields of Xiushui 09(japonica)under T1,T2 and T3 were increased by 6.6%,9.2% and 9.4% in 2008,and 14.6%,17.2% and 17.4% in 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with continuous submerged irrigation, dry-wet alternate irrigation (T3) increased the yield of rice Xiushui 09 by 9.4% in 2008.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Xiushui 09e2
- Treatment
- dry-wet alternate irrigation(T3)e0
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 9.4%e2
- Qualifier
- 2008e2
- Comparator
- continuous submerged irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“dry-wet alternate irrigation(T3)”
e1“continuous submerged irrigation as control(CK)”
e2“the yields of Xiushui 09(japonica)under T1,T2 and T3 were increased by 6.6%,9.2% and 9.4% in 2008,and 14.6%,17.2% and 17.4% in 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with continuous submerged irrigation, urea peroxide topdressing (T1) increased the yield of rice Xiushui 09 by 14.6% in 2009.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Xiushui 09e2
- Treatment
- application of urea peroxide as topdressing(T1)e0
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 14.6%e2
- Qualifier
- 2009e2
- Comparator
- continuous submerged irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“application of urea peroxide as topdressing(T1)”
e1“continuous submerged irrigation as control(CK)”
e2“the yields of Xiushui 09(japonica)under T1,T2 and T3 were increased by 6.6%,9.2% and 9.4% in 2008,and 14.6%,17.2% and 17.4% in 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with continuous submerged irrigation, calcium peroxide topdressing (T2) increased the yield of rice Xiushui 09 by 17.2% in 2009.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Xiushui 09e2
- Treatment
- application of calcium peroxide as topdressing(T2)e0
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 17.2%e2
- Qualifier
- 2009e2
- Comparator
- continuous submerged irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“application of calcium peroxide as topdressing(T2)”
e1“continuous submerged irrigation as control(CK)”
e2“the yields of Xiushui 09(japonica)under T1,T2 and T3 were increased by 6.6%,9.2% and 9.4% in 2008,and 14.6%,17.2% and 17.4% in 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with continuous submerged irrigation, dry-wet alternate irrigation (T3) increased the yield of rice Xiushui 09 by 17.4% in 2009.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Xiushui 09e2
- Treatment
- dry-wet alternate irrigation(T3)e0
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 17.4%e2
- Qualifier
- 2009e2
- Comparator
- continuous submerged irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“dry-wet alternate irrigation(T3)”
e1“continuous submerged irrigation as control(CK)”
e2“the yields of Xiushui 09(japonica)under T1,T2 and T3 were increased by 6.6%,9.2% and 9.4% in 2008,and 14.6%,17.2% and 17.4% in 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
The rice grain-filling process fitted the Richards equation well (R2 0.989).
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- grain-filling process fitted well with the Richards equatione0
- Value
- R20.989e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice grain-filling process fitted well with the Richards equation(R20.989)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxygen-increasing patterns increased the maximum grain weight of both inferior and superior rice grains.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- oxygen-increasing patternse0
- Outcome
- Maximum grain weight of inferior and superior grainse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“oxygen-increasing patterns on rice grain-filling were as follows: 1) Maximum grain weight of inferior and superior grains were both increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxygen-increasing patterns reduced the difference in grain weight between the two rice genotypes.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- oxygen-increasing patternse0
- Outcome
- difference in grain weight between the two genotypese1
- Direction
- smallere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“oxygen-increasing patterns on rice grain-filling were as follows”
e1“smaller difference in grain weight between the two genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxygen-increasing patterns improved grain-filling synchronism in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- oxygen-increasing patternse0
- Outcome
- grain-filling synchronisme1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“oxygen-increasing patterns on rice grain-filling were as follows”
e1“improved grain-filling synchronism”
Claim · model-written summary
Inferior grains of the two rice genotypes had a full grain-filling process.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- full grain filling processe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inferior grains of the two rice genotypes had a full grain filling process”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxygen-increasing patterns extended the grain-filling duration of inferior grains of Guodao 1.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Guodao 1e0
- Treatment
- oxygen-increasing patternse0
- Outcome
- grain-filling duration of inferior grainse0
- Direction
- extendede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“oxygen-increasing patterns extended the grain-filling duration of inferior grains of Guodao 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxygen-increasing patterns increased the grain-filling rate of inferior grains of Xiushui 09.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Xiushui 09e1
- Treatment
- oxygen-increasing patternse0
- Outcome
- grain-filling rate of inferior grainse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“oxygen-increasing patterns extended”
e1“increased the grain-filling rate of inferior grains of Xiushui 09”
Claim · model-written summary
Full grain filling of inferior grains was mainly attributed to the higher seed setting rate and yield of the genotypes under increasing-oxygen patterns in paddy fields.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing-oxygen patternse0
- Outcome
- Full grain-filling of the inferior grainse0
- Qualifier
- higher seed setting rate and yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Full grain-filling of the inferior grains was mainly contributed to higher seed setting rate and yield of the genotypes under the increasing-oxygen patterns in paddy fields”
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