Abstract
The preliminary purification of a polyphenols-rich extract from apple tree leaves prepared in our laboratory was carried out using macroporous resin adsorption,followed by further purification and HPLC analysis. Along with this,the preliminarily purified extract was tested for its ability to scavenge DPPH free radicals and nitrite. X-5 resin was the best resin found for adsorbing and desorbing apple tree leaf polyphenols among eight types of resins tested. The optimum adsorption/ desorption conditions of X-5 resin were determined to be:sample concentration,3.658 mg/mL; sample pH,3; sample flow rate,2.0 mL/min; ethanol concentration for desorption,40%; desoprtion flow rate,1.0 mL/min; and desorption solvent volume,4 BV. After the purification under the above conditions,the purity of polyphenols was increased from 10.07% to 38.55%. The adsorption of X-5 resin towards apple tree leaf polyphenols was an exothermic course and accorded with the Langmuir isothermal model and the Freundlich isothermal model. The purified extract presented stronger DPPH free radical and nitrite scavenging capacities than the native extract. The HPLC analysis showed that the content of phlorizin was 2.45% in apple tree leaves and 47.61% in the further purified extract,which accounted for 91.51% of the total polyphenols.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
X-5 resin was the best of eight resins for adsorbing and desorbing apple tree leaf polyphenols.
- Taxon
- apple tree leaf
Malus domesticae1 - Treatment
- X-5 resine1
- Outcome
- adsorbing and desorbing apple tree leaf polyphenolse1
- Direction
- beste1
- Comparator
- eight types of resinse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“X-5 resin was the best resin found for adsorbing and desorbing apple tree leaf polyphenols among eight types of resins tested”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum sample concentration for X-5 resin was 3.658 mg/mL.
- Taxon
- Apple Tree LeavesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- X-5 resine2
- Outcome
- sample concentratione1
- Value
- 3.658 mg/mLe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sample concentration,3.658 mg/mL”
e2“optimum adsorption/ desorption conditions of X-5 resin”
t0“Apple Tree Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum sample pH for X-5 resin was 3.
- Taxon
- Apple Tree LeavesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- X-5 resine2
- Outcome
- sample pHe1
- Value
- 3e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sample pH,3”
e2“optimum adsorption/ desorption conditions of X-5 resin”
t0“Apple Tree Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum sample flow rate for X-5 resin was 2.0 mL/min.
- Taxon
- Apple Tree LeavesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- X-5 resine2
- Outcome
- sample flow ratee1
- Value
- 2.0 mL/mine1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sample flow rate,2.0 mL/min”
e2“optimum adsorption/ desorption conditions of X-5 resin”
t0“Apple Tree Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum ethanol concentration for desorption was 40%.
- Taxon
- Apple Tree LeavesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- X-5 resine2
- Outcome
- ethanol concentration for desorptione1
- Value
- 40%e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“ethanol concentration for desorption,40%”
e2“optimum adsorption/ desorption conditions of X-5 resin”
t0“Apple Tree Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum desorption flow rate for X-5 resin was 1.0 mL/min.
- Taxon
- Apple Tree LeavesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- X-5 resine2
- Outcome
- desoprtion flow ratee1
- Value
- 1.0 mL/mine1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“desoprtion flow rate,1.0 mL/min”
e2“optimum adsorption/ desorption conditions of X-5 resin”
t0“Apple Tree Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum desorption solvent volume for X-5 resin was 4 BV.
- Taxon
- Apple Tree LeavesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- X-5 resine2
- Outcome
- desorption solvent volumee1
- Value
- 4 BVe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“desorption solvent volume,4 BV”
e2“optimum adsorption/ desorption conditions of X-5 resin”
t0“Apple Tree Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Purification increased the purity of polyphenols from 10.07% to 38.55%.
- Taxon
- Apple Tree LeavesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- purification under the above conditionse2
- Outcome
- purity of polyphenolse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 38.55%e1
- Qualifier
- from 10.07%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the purity of polyphenols was increased from 10.07% to 38.55%”
e2“After the purification under the above conditions”
t0“Apple Tree Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Adsorption of apple tree leaf polyphenols onto X-5 resin was an exothermic process.
- Taxon
- apple tree leafMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- X-5 resine1
- Outcome
- adsorptione1
- Qualifier
- exothermic coursee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The adsorption of X-5 resin towards apple tree leaf polyphenols was an exothermic course”
Claim · model-written summary
Adsorption of X-5 resin accorded with the Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal models.
- Taxon
- Apple Tree LeavesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Langmuir isothermal modele1
- Qualifier
- Freundlich isothermal modele1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“accorded with the Langmuir isothermal model and the Freundlich isothermal model”
t0“Apple Tree Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The purified extract had stronger DPPH free radical and nitrite scavenging capacities than the native extract.
- Taxon
- Apple Tree LeavesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- purified extracte1
- Outcome
- DPPH free radical and nitrite scavenging capacitiese1
- Direction
- strongere1
- Comparator
- native extracte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The purified extract presented stronger DPPH free radical and nitrite scavenging capacities than the native extract”
t0“Apple Tree Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Phlorizin content was higher in the further purified extract (47.61%) than in apple tree leaves (2.45%).
- Taxon
- apple tree leavesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- further purified extracte1
- Compound
- phlorizine1
- Outcome
- content of phlorizine1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 47.61%e1
- Qualifier
- 2.45%e1
- Comparator
- apple tree leavese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the content of phlorizin was 2.45% in apple tree leaves and 47.61% in the further purified extract”
Claim · model-written summary
Phlorizin accounted for 91.51% of the total polyphenols in the further purified extract.
- Taxon
- Apple Tree LeavesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- further purified extracte1
- Compound
- phlorizine2
- Outcome
- total polyphenolse1
- Value
- 91.51%e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in the further purified extract,which accounted for 91.51% of the total polyphenols”
e2“the content of phlorizin”
t0“Apple Tree Leaves”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · quality: phytochemicals · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.