Abstract
This research aimed to develop and evaluate pre- and postharvest management strategies to reduce stem end rot (SER) incidence and extend saleable life of 'Carabao' mango fruits in Southern Philippines. Preharvest management focused on the development and improvement of fungicide spray program, while postharvest management aimed to develop alternative interventions aside from hot water treatment (HWT). Field evaluation of systemic fungicides, namely azoxystrobin ( Amistar 25SC), tebuconazole ( Folicur 25WP), carbendazim ( Goldazim 500SC), difenoconazole ( Score 250SC) and azoxystrobin+difenoconazole ( Amistar Top), reduced blossom blight severity and improved fruit setting and retention, resulting in higher fruit yield but failed to sufficiently suppress SER incidence. Based on these findings, an improved fungicide spray program was developed taking into account the infection process of SER pathogens and fungicide resistance. Timely application of protectant (mancozeb) and systemic fungicides (azoxystrobin, carbendazim and difenoconazole) during the most critical stages of mango flower and fruit development ensured higher harvestable fruit yield and minimally lowered SER incidence. Control of SER was also achieved by employing postharvest treatment such as HWT (52-55°C for 10 min), which significantly prolonged the saleable life of mango fruits. However, extended hot water treatment (EHWT; 46°C pulp temperature for 15 min), rapid heat treatment (RHT; 59°C for 30-60 sec), fungicide dip and promising biological control agents failed to satisfactorily reduce SER and prolong saleable life. In contrast, the integration of the improved spray program as preharvest management practice, and postharvest treatments such as HWT and fungicide dips (azoxystrobin, 150-175 ppm; carbendazim, 312.5 ppm; and tebuconazole, 125-156 ppm), significantly reduced disease and extended marketable life for utmost 8 days.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Field fungicides reduced blossom blight severity.
- Taxon
- mango
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Mangifera indicat0 - Treatment
- systemic fungicidese0
- Outcome
- blossom blight severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_from_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Field evaluation of systemic fungicides, namely azoxystrobin ( Amistar 25SC), tebuconazole ( Folicur 25WP), carbendazim ( Goldazim 500SC), difenoconazole ( Score 250SC) and azoxystrobin+difenoconazole ( Amistar Top), reduced blossom blight severity”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Field fungicides improved fruit setting and retention.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- systemic fungicidese0
- Outcome
- fruit setting and retentione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field evaluation of systemic fungicides, namely azoxystrobin ( Amistar 25SC), tebuconazole ( Folicur 25WP), carbendazim ( Goldazim 500SC), difenoconazole ( Score 250SC) and azoxystrobin+difenoconazole ( Amistar Top), reduced blossom blight severity and improved fruit setting and retention”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Field fungicides increased fruit yield.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- systemic fungicidese1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in higher fruit yield”
e1“Field evaluation of systemic fungicides”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Field fungicides did not sufficiently suppress stem end rot incidence.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- systemic fungicidese1
- Outcome
- SER incidencee0
- Direction
- failed to sufficiently suppresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“failed to sufficiently suppress SER incidence”
e1“Field evaluation of systemic fungicides”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
The improved spray program increased harvestable fruit yield.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Timely application of protectant (mancozeb) and systemic fungicides (azoxystrobin, carbendazim and difenoconazole)e0
- Outcome
- harvestable fruit yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Timely application of protectant (mancozeb) and systemic fungicides (azoxystrobin, carbendazim and difenoconazole) during the most critical stages of mango flower and fruit development ensured higher harvestable fruit yield”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
The improved spray program minimally lowered stem end rot incidence.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Timely application of protectant (mancozeb) and systemic fungicides (azoxystrobin, carbendazim and difenoconazole)e0
- Outcome
- SER incidencee0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Qualifier
- minimallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Timely application of protectant (mancozeb) and systemic fungicides (azoxystrobin, carbendazim and difenoconazole) during the most critical stages of mango flower and fruit development ensured higher harvestable fruit yield and minimally lowered SER incidence”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Hot water treatment significantly prolonged saleable life.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- HWT (52-55°C for 10 min)e0
- Outcome
- saleable life of mango fruitse0
- Direction
- prolongede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HWT (52-55°C for 10 min), which significantly prolonged the saleable life of mango fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Extended hot water treatment did not satisfactorily reduce stem end rot or prolong saleable life.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- extended hot water treatment (EHWT; 46°C pulp temperature for 15 min)e0
- Outcome
- SER and prolong saleable lifee0
- Direction
- failed to satisfactorily reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extended hot water treatment (EHWT; 46°C pulp temperature for 15 min), rapid heat treatment (RHT; 59°C for 30-60 sec), fungicide dip and promising biological control agents failed to satisfactorily reduce SER and prolong saleable life”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapid heat treatment did not satisfactorily reduce stem end rot or prolong saleable life.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- rapid heat treatment (RHT; 59°C for 30-60 sec)e0
- Outcome
- SER and prolong saleable lifee0
- Direction
- failed to satisfactorily reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rapid heat treatment (RHT; 59°C for 30-60 sec), fungicide dip and promising biological control agents failed to satisfactorily reduce SER and prolong saleable life”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide dip alone did not satisfactorily reduce stem end rot or prolong saleable life.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- fungicide dipe0
- Outcome
- SER and prolong saleable lifee0
- Direction
- failed to satisfactorily reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungicide dip and promising biological control agents failed to satisfactorily reduce SER and prolong saleable life”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological control agents did not satisfactorily reduce stem end rot or prolong saleable life.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- promising biological control agentse0
- Outcome
- SER and prolong saleable lifee0
- Direction
- failed to satisfactorily reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promising biological control agents failed to satisfactorily reduce SER and prolong saleable life”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated spray and postharvest treatments significantly reduced disease.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- the integration of the improved spray program as preharvest management practice, and postharvest treatments such as HWT and fungicide dips (azoxystrobin, 150-175 ppm; carbendazim, 312.5 ppm; and tebuconazole, 125-156 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the integration of the improved spray program as preharvest management practice, and postharvest treatments such as HWT and fungicide dips (azoxystrobin, 150-175 ppm; carbendazim, 312.5 ppm; and tebuconazole, 125-156 ppm), significantly reduced disease and extended marketable life for utmost 8 days”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated spray and postharvest treatments extended marketable life to at most eight days.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- the integration of the improved spray program as preharvest management practice, and postharvest treatments such as HWT and fungicide dips (azoxystrobin, 150-175 ppm; carbendazim, 312.5 ppm; and tebuconazole, 125-156 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- marketable lifee0
- Direction
- extendede0
- Value
- 8 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the integration of the improved spray program as preharvest management practice, and postharvest treatments such as HWT and fungicide dips (azoxystrobin, 150-175 ppm; carbendazim, 312.5 ppm; and tebuconazole, 125-156 ppm), significantly reduced disease and extended marketable life for utmost 8 days”
t0“mango”
The same questions in other papers
mancozeb · disease · Mangifera indica (mango)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →difenoconazole · disease · Mangifera indica (mango)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
tebuconazole · disease · Mangifera indica (mango)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
azoxystrobin · quality: postharvest · Mangifera indica (mango)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
azoxystrobin · yield · Mangifera indica (mango)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →carbendazim · quality: postharvest · Mangifera indica (mango)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →azoxystrobin · disease · Mangifera indica (mango)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →carbendazim · disease · Mangifera indica (mango)Results agree
13 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →8 of 19 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.