Abstract
A pot experiment in phytotron with controlled temperature was conducted to examine the effects of low temperature (LT) on differentiation and retrogression of branches and spikelets and grain filling of rice during panicle initiation (PI). In this study, indica inbred rice called Zhong-jiazaol7 was planted and treated at 17 and 20 °C of LT during primary branches anlage differentiation (II) and pollen mother cell meiosis stage (VI) of PI. The results showed that the numbers of differentiated and survived branches per panicle were significantly reduced under LT treatment compared with control, and the number of survived spikelets was significantly decreased by 7.2% - 12.4%, but the numbers of retrograded branches and spikelets were increased. Moreover, LT affected significantly the development of floral organ such as pollen activity and anther dehiscence, and caused harmful grain filling, particularly at 17 °C. The numbers of total differentiated and survived branches and spikelets were lower during VI (PI) than during II (PI) under LT stress, but more retrograded secondary branches and spikelets (increased by 11.6%) were found during V (PI) compared with II (PI). Meanwhile, in contrast to II (PI), the seed setting rate was significantly lowered by 3.7% during VI (PI), which was attributed to reductions in pollen activity, pollen grains on stigma, anther dehiscence coefficient and grain filling rate. LT stress impact on rice panicles was higher at 17 °C than at 20 °C during II and VI (PI). The cultivation measure could be correspondingly strengthened and improved in practice.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature treatment significantly reduced the numbers of differentiated and survived branches per panicle of rice compared with control.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- Zhong-jiazaol7e1
- Treatment
- LT treatmente2
- Outcome
- numbers of differentiated and survived branches per paniclee2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment in phytotron with controlled temperature was conducted to examine the effects of low temperature (LT) on differentiation and retrogression of branches and spikelets and grain filling of rice during panicle initiation (PI)”
e1“indica inbred rice called Zhong-jiazaol7 was planted and treated at 17 and 20 °C of LT during primary branches anlage differentiation (II) and pollen mother cell meiosis stage (VI) of PI”
e2“The results showed that the numbers of differentiated and survived branches per panicle were significantly reduced under LT treatment compared with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature significantly decreased the number of survived spikelets of rice by 7.2% to 12.4%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Zhong-jiazaol7e1
- Treatment
- LTe1
- Outcome
- the number of survived spikeletse3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 7.2% - 12.4%e3
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment in phytotron with controlled temperature was conducted to examine the effects of low temperature (LT) on differentiation and retrogression of branches and spikelets and grain filling of rice during panicle initiation (PI)”
e1“indica inbred rice called Zhong-jiazaol7 was planted and treated at 17 and 20 °C of LT during primary branches anlage differentiation (II) and pollen mother cell meiosis stage (VI) of PI”
e2“The results showed that the numbers of differentiated and survived branches per panicle were significantly reduced under LT treatment compared with control”
e3“the number of survived spikelets was significantly decreased by 7.2% - 12.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature increased the numbers of retrograded branches and spikelets of rice compared with control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Zhong-jiazaol7e1
- Treatment
- LTe1
- Outcome
- numbers of retrograded branches and spikeletse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment in phytotron with controlled temperature was conducted to examine the effects of low temperature (LT) on differentiation and retrogression of branches and spikelets and grain filling of rice during panicle initiation (PI)”
e1“indica inbred rice called Zhong-jiazaol7 was planted and treated at 17 and 20 °C of LT during primary branches anlage differentiation (II) and pollen mother cell meiosis stage (VI) of PI”
e2“The results showed that the numbers of differentiated and survived branches per panicle were significantly reduced under LT treatment compared with control”
e4“but the numbers of retrograded branches and spikelets were increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature significantly affected the development of floral organs of rice, such as pollen activity and anther dehiscence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Zhong-jiazaol7e1
- Organ / stage
- floral organe5
- Treatment
- LTe1
- Outcome
- the development of floral organ such as pollen activity and anther dehiscencee5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment in phytotron with controlled temperature was conducted to examine the effects of low temperature (LT) on differentiation and retrogression of branches and spikelets and grain filling of rice during panicle initiation (PI)”
e1“indica inbred rice called Zhong-jiazaol7 was planted and treated at 17 and 20 °C of LT during primary branches anlage differentiation (II) and pollen mother cell meiosis stage (VI) of PI”
e5“LT affected significantly the development of floral organ such as pollen activity and anther dehiscence”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature caused harmful grain filling in rice, particularly at 17 °C.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Zhong-jiazaol7e1
- Treatment
- LTe1
- Outcome
- grain fillinge6
- Qualifier
- particularly at 17 °Ce6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment in phytotron with controlled temperature was conducted to examine the effects of low temperature (LT) on differentiation and retrogression of branches and spikelets and grain filling of rice during panicle initiation (PI)”
e1“indica inbred rice called Zhong-jiazaol7 was planted and treated at 17 and 20 °C of LT during primary branches anlage differentiation (II) and pollen mother cell meiosis stage (VI) of PI”
e6“caused harmful grain filling, particularly at 17 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low temperature stress, the numbers of total differentiated and survived branches and spikelets of rice were lower during VI (PI) than during II (PI).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- VI (PI)e7
- Treatment
- LT stresse7
- Outcome
- numbers of total differentiated and survived branches and spikeletse7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Comparator
- II (PI)e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment in phytotron with controlled temperature was conducted to examine the effects of low temperature (LT) on differentiation and retrogression of branches and spikelets and grain filling of rice during panicle initiation (PI)”
e7“The numbers of total differentiated and survived branches and spikelets were lower during VI (PI) than during II (PI) under LT stress”
Claim · model-written summary
During V (PI), rice had more retrograded secondary branches and spikelets, increased by 11.6%, than during II (PI).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- V (PI)e1
- Outcome
- more retrograded secondary branches and spikeletse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 11.6%e1
- Comparator
- II (PI)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment in phytotron with controlled temperature was conducted to examine the effects of low temperature (LT) on differentiation and retrogression of branches and spikelets and grain filling of rice during panicle initiation (PI)”
e1“more retrograded secondary branches and spikelets (increased by 11.6%) were found during V (PI) compared with II (PI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature significantly lowered the seed setting rate of rice by 3.7% during VI (PI) compared with II (PI).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- VI (PI)e2
- Treatment
- LTe1
- Outcome
- seed setting ratee2
- Direction
- lowerede2
- Value
- 3.7%e2
- Comparator
- II (PI)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment in phytotron with controlled temperature was conducted to examine the effects of low temperature (LT) on differentiation and retrogression of branches and spikelets and grain filling of rice during panicle initiation (PI)”
e1“indica inbred rice called Zhong-jiazaol7 was planted and treated at 17 and 20 °C of LT during primary branches anlage differentiation (II) and pollen mother cell meiosis stage (VI) of PI”
e2“in contrast to II (PI), the seed setting rate was significantly lowered by 3.7% during VI (PI)”
Claim · model-written summary
The low temperature impact on rice panicles was higher at 17 °C than at 20 °C.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice paniclese1
- Treatment
- LT stresse1
- Outcome
- impact on rice paniclese1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- 17 °Ce1
- Comparator
- 20 °Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment in phytotron with controlled temperature was conducted to examine the effects of low temperature (LT) on differentiation and retrogression of branches and spikelets and grain filling of rice during panicle initiation (PI)”
e1“LT stress impact on rice panicles was higher at 17 °C than at 20 °C during II and VI (PI)”
Claim · model-written summary
The lower seed setting rate under low temperature is attributed to reductions in pollen activity, pollen grains on stigma, anther dehiscence coefficient and grain filling rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- seed setting ratee2
- Qualifier
- reductions in pollen activity, pollen grains on stigma, anther dehiscence coefficient and grain filling ratee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment in phytotron with controlled temperature was conducted to examine the effects of low temperature (LT) on differentiation and retrogression of branches and spikelets and grain filling of rice during panicle initiation (PI)”
e2“in contrast to II (PI), the seed setting rate was significantly lowered by 3.7% during VI (PI)”
e3“which was attributed to reductions in pollen activity, pollen grains on stigma, anther dehiscence coefficient and grain filling rate”
Claim · model-written summary
The cultivation measure for rice should be correspondingly strengthened and improved in practice under low temperature at panicle initiation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- cultivation measuree1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment in phytotron with controlled temperature was conducted to examine the effects of low temperature (LT) on differentiation and retrogression of branches and spikelets and grain filling of rice during panicle initiation (PI)”
e1“The cultivation measure could be correspondingly strengthened and improved in practice”
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